{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:06:58Z","timestamp":1784203618912,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Don-A University research fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) can reduce breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). However, evidence of the long-term effectiveness of ESWT on BCRL is sparse. The aim of the study was to investigate whether ESWT has long-term effects on BCRL. We enrolled patients with stage 2 lymphedema. The 28 female patients were randomly divided into the ESWT group (n = 14) and the control group (n = 14). ESWT was applied thrice a week for a total of 3 weeks with an intensity of 0.056 to 0.068 mJ\/mm2 and a frequency of 4 Hz. Complex decongestive therapy (CDT) was applied in both groups. The arm circumference, fluid volume, ratio of water content, and skin thickness were measured. Patients were evaluated at before treatment, 3 weeks after ESWT completion, and 3 months post-ESWT completion. The ESWT group, the circumference of the whole arm, volume, ratio of water content, QuickDASH score, and skin thickness showed statistically significant improvement at 3 weeks and 3 months post-treatment. When comparing the changes in measurement between the two groups at 3 weeks and 3 months post-treatment, ESWT group showed statistically significant improvement in circumference (cm) below the elbow, ratio of water content and skin thickness at 3 weeks and 3 months post treatment. Overall, ESWT improved lymphedema in patients with stage 2 BCRL, and the effects persisted for at least 3 months. Therefore, ESWT may be an additional treatment method for patients with lymphedema.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T02:36:36Z","timestamp":1668566196000},"page":"6747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Long-Term Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jong-Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Beom","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeong-Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2376-0259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won-Wook","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000257149.42922.7e","article-title":"Lymphedema: A comprehensive review","volume":"59","author":"Warren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. 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