{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T23:02:53Z","timestamp":1788390173315,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune blistering disease that involves the skin and mucous membranes and rarely occurs in pediatric age. Methods: we present a case of childhood pemphigus in a 9-year-old patient from Burkina Faso, which initially manifested with erosive lesions symmetrically distributed in the oral cavity. After a few months, we also observed hyperchromic lesions of the back. Histopathological examination of skin samples showed intraepidermal acantholysis, while direct immunofluorescence showed deposits of complement (C3) and immunoglobulins G (IgG) in the epidermidis; an ELISA test highlighted the presence of circulating autoantibodies against desmoglein 3. Results: the follow-up of this patient was made difficult by the advent of the COVID-19 outbreak. However, after about one year of combined therapy with systemic steroids and azathioprine the patient reached clinical remission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T04:33:32Z","timestamp":1669005212000},"page":"6858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Childhood Pemphigus Vulgaris during COVID-19 Outbreak Successfully Treated with Prednisone and Azathioprine: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Pamela","family":"Vezzoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4673-4635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Parietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"},{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8231-2205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Carugno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"},{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Di Mercurio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0279-277X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Benaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Zussino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Cavalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Dermatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Sena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6753-4910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Berti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Childhood pemphigus vulgaris is a challenging diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Barbosa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autops. 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