{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:45:25Z","timestamp":1790095525282,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Our aim was to systematically investigate the effect of upadacitinib, an oral JAK-1 selective inhibitor, on lipid profile and cardiovascular disease risk. Methods: PubMed, PubMed Central and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to 31 July 2022. We performed a qualitative synthesis of published RCTs to investigate the associations of upadacitinib with lipoprotein changes, along with a quantitative synthesis of MACE and mean lipoprotein changes where there were available data. Results: Nineteen RCTs were eligible for the present systematic review, which included 10,656 patients with a mean age of 51 years and a follow-up period of 12\u201352 weeks. Increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were noted upon upadacitinib administration (3\u201348 mg\/day) in 15 studies, while the LDL-C:HDL-C ratio remained unchanged. The pooled analyses of three placebo-controlled RCTs (n = 2577) demonstrated that upadacitinib at 15 mg increased the LDL-C by 15.18 mg\/dL (95% CI: 7.77\u201322.59) and HDL-C by 7.89 mg\/dL (95% CI: 7.08\u20138.69). According to the pooled analysis of 15 placebo-controlled RCTs (n = 7695), upadacitinib had no effect on MACE (risk ratio, RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.24\u20131.60). A sub-analysis focusing on upadacitinib at 15 mg (12 studies, n = 5395) demonstrated similar results (RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.19\u20132.36). Conclusions: Treatment with upadacitinib increases both LDL-C and HDL-C levels. Nevertheless, upadacitinib had no significant effect on the cardiovascular disease risk during a \u226452-week follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11236894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T03:15:24Z","timestamp":1669173324000},"page":"6894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Effect of Upadacitinib on Lipid Profile and Cardiovascular Events: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9246-8249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Makris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5940-6895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fotios","family":"Barkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene & Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros P.","family":"Sfikakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7162-3323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Liberopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9749-5075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aris P.","family":"Agouridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, German Oncology Center, Limassol 4108, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048922","article-title":"JAK inhibitors: Ten years after","volume":"51","author":"Spinelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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