{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:22:33Z","timestamp":1784334153808,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Spastic hemiplegia causes slow and unstable walking in post-stroke patients. Dynamic tilt table with robotic leg movement (DTTRLM) is safe and effective in improving walking. Functional electric stimulation (FES) improves walking speed in post-stroke patients with spastic hemiplegia. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of combined DTTRLM + FES on walking speed compared with DTTRLM alone. Methods: Twenty post-stroke patients were randomly assigned to receive either a single session of stepping + FES treatment or a single session of stepping alone treatment. After a one-week washout period, the same two groups underwent a single session of the other treatment, and the same measurements were taken. We measured walking speed, cadence, and the number of steps in a 10 m walking test (10MWT) and assessed Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Fugl\u2013Meyer Assessment (FMA), and range of motion (ROM) before and after the intervention. Results: Stepping + FES significantly improved walking speed, number of steps, and ankle inversion ROM, compared with stepping alone. Adverse events were not observed in any subject. Conclusions: Robotic stepping therapy combined with FES significantly improved 10 m walking speed (10MWS) compared with stepping only in patients with post-stroke and spastic hemiplegia. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term effects of the combination treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11236911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T02:54:05Z","timestamp":1669258445000},"page":"6911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of Combination of Functional Electric Stimulation and Robotic Leg Movement Using Dynamic Tilt Table on Walking Characteristics in Post-Stroke Patients with Spastic Hemiplegia: A Randomized Crossover-Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9090-1571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koki","family":"Ueda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Umemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshi-ichiro","family":"Kamijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 343-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nachi-Katsuura Research Center of Sports Medicine and Balneology, Nachikatsuura Balneologic Town Hospital, Wakayama 649-5331, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Araki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nachi-Katsuura Research Center of Sports Medicine and Balneology, Nachikatsuura Balneologic Town Hospital, Wakayama 649-5331, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8275-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masato","family":"Ise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nachi-Katsuura Research Center of Sports Medicine and Balneology, Nachikatsuura Balneologic Town Hospital, Wakayama 649-5331, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4938-2201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motohiko","family":"Banno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Mochida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaya","family":"Iwahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Shimokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Study Support Center, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukihide","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 028-3695, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumihiro","family":"Tajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart 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