{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:27:30Z","timestamp":1778902050144,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Research Grant from Wroclaw Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUBK.C260.22.054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBK.C260.22.054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periodontitis has been causally connected with the development of other immune-mediated inflammatory disorders previously. Nevertheless, the current literature does not provide knowledge on oral health in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) individuals. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of periodontitis and characterize an oral microbiome in HS patients. Fifty-five patients with HS and fifty-five healthy controls were enlisted in the study. The incidence of periodontitis was assessed in all patients during the periodontal evaluation. RT-PCR tests were used to quantification of bacterial content and assess the number and composition of nine crucial periodontal pathogens. HS patients had a significantly higher prevalence of periodontitis than healthy controls (45.5% versus 14.5%). Significantly higher values of average copy-count numbers of total bacteria were found in HS patients. The majority of periodontal pathogens were more frequently isolated in patients with HS than among controls. The most frequently detected pathogen in the HS group was Treponema denticola (70.9%), whereas among controls Capnocytophaga gingivalis (34.5%) was the most common isolate. There was no correlation between HS severity and the number of DNA copies of periodontal bacteria. The findings of this research suggest that periodontitis may contribute to the development of HS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11237065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T07:10:27Z","timestamp":1669792227000},"page":"7065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Prevalence of Periodontitis and Assessment of Oral Micro-Biota in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1587-7329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Jastrz\u0105b","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Pa\u015bnik-Chwalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Konopka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4722-8531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr K.","family":"Krajewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0766-6342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek C.","family":"Szepietowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Matusiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0149-1","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"6","author":"Sabat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.0478","article-title":"Distribution of Self-reported Hidradenitis Suppurativa Age at Onset","volume":"155","author":"Naik","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19435","article-title":"The epidemiology of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"183","author":"Ingram","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.08.090","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and pathogenesis","volume":"82","author":"Goldburg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12630","article-title":"Current Concepts in the Management of Periodontitis","volume":"71","author":"Kwon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512457373","article-title":"Prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: 2009 and 2010","volume":"91","author":"Eke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514552491","article-title":"Global Burden of Severe Periodontitis in 1990-2010: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression","volume":"93","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12221","article-title":"Periodontitis: Facts, fallacies and the future","volume":"75","author":"Slots","year":"2017","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02419.x","article-title":"Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque","volume":"25","author":"Socransky","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x","article-title":"Periodontal microbial ecology","volume":"38","author":"Socransky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Periodontology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3480","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_759_19","article-title":"Red complex: Polymicrobial conglomerate in oral flora: A review","volume":"8","author":"Mohanty","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476068","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/476068","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis: Major periodontopathic pathogen overview","volume":"2014","author":"Mysak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2019.1700113","article-title":"Periodontitis: A newly identified comorbidity in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Antal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14051","article-title":"Periodontitis and risk of psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Ungprasert","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.132","article-title":"The case for periodontitis in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Potempa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2015.03.001","article-title":"The association between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis","volume":"29","author":"Leech","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"She, Y.Y., Kong, X.B., Ge, Y.P., Liu, Z.-Y., Chen, J.-Y., Jiang, J.-W., Jiang, H.-B., and Fang, S.-L. (2020). Periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-1053-5"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bunte, K., and Beikler, T. (2019). Th17 Cells and the IL-23\/IL-17 Axis in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis and Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143394"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12598","article-title":"IL-17; overview and role in oral immunity and microbiome","volume":"23","author":"Abusleme","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.07.010","article-title":"Expression of the IL-23\/Th17 pathway in lesions of hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"65","author":"Schlapbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12468","article-title":"The role of Toll-like receptors in periodontitis","volume":"23","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12098","article-title":"Impaired Notch-MKP-1 signalling in hidradenitis suppurativa: An approach to pathogenesis by evidence from translational biology","volume":"22","author":"Melnik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1159\/000431175","article-title":"Hidradenitis Suppurativa\/Acne Inversa: Criteria for Diagnosis, Severity Assessment, Classification and Disease Evaluation","volume":"231","author":"Zouboulis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15748","article-title":"Development and Validation of the International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System (IHS4), a Novel Dynamic Scoring System to Assess HS Severity","volume":"177","author":"Zouboulis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000501771","article-title":"Could Residents Adequately Assess the Severity of Hidradenitis Suppurativa? Interrater and Intrarater Reliability Assessment of Major Scoring Systems","volume":"236","author":"Stefaniak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0006","article-title":"Staging and Grading of Periodontitis: Framework and Proposal of a New Classification and Case Definition","volume":"89","author":"Tonetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561232","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/561232","article-title":"Comparison of Periodontal Status in Gingival Oral Lichen Planus Patients and Healthy Subjects","volume":"2012","author":"Azizi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.52.449","article-title":"Pemphigus Vulgaris: Effects on Periodontal Health","volume":"52","author":"Thorat","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050113","article-title":"Periodontal Status in Patients with Gingival Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid","volume":"77","author":"Tricamo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594735","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.594735","article-title":"The IL-23\/IL-17 Pathway in Inflammatory Skin Diseases: From Bench to Bedside","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.09.001","article-title":"Immunomicrobial Pathogenesis of Periodontitis: Keystones, Pathobionts, and Host Response","volume":"35","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12083","article-title":"Basic Biology and Role of Interleukin-17 in Immunity and Inflammation","volume":"69","author":"Zenobia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-011-0321-5","article-title":"Role of Osteoclasts and Interleukin-17 in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Crucial \u201cHuman Osteoclastology","volume":"30","author":"Kotake","year":"2012","journal-title":"\u201d J. Bone Miner. Metab."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3794","article-title":"Targeting IL-17 and TH17 Cells in Chronic Inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Miossec","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509339889","article-title":"The Involvement of IL-23 and the Th17 Pathway in Periodontitis","volume":"88","author":"Ohyama","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627959","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/627959","article-title":"Clinical Significance of IL-23 Regulating IL-17A and\/or IL-17F Positive Th17 Cells in Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"2014","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13449","article-title":"IL-17 in Inflammatory Skin Diseases Psoriasis and Hidradenitis Suppurativa","volume":"201","author":"Fletcher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.10.042","article-title":"Increased Interleukin (IL)-17 Serum Levels in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Implications for Treatment with Anti-IL-17 Agents","volume":"76","author":"Matusiak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.05.033","article-title":"Hidradenitis Suppurativa Is Characterized by Dysregulation of the Th17:Treg Cell Axis, Which Is Corrected by Anti-TNF Therapy","volume":"137","author":"Moran","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.011","article-title":"Role of the Microbiota in Immunity and Inflammation","volume":"157","author":"Belkaid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-020-00465-w","article-title":"The Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Review","volume":"11","author":"Wark","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08425.x","article-title":"Toll-like Receptor 2 Is Highly Expressed in Lesions of Acne Inversa and Colocalizes with C-Type Lectin Receptor","volume":"158","author":"Hunger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.10.044","article-title":"Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Smoking: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"82","author":"Acharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.02.014","article-title":"Effect of Smoking on Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression","volume":"54","author":"Leite","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2012.00456.x","article-title":"Smoking and Inflammation: Evidence for a Synergistic Role in Chronic Disease","volume":"64","author":"Johannsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2001.028005377.x","article-title":"Relationship of Cigarette Smoking to the Subgingival Microbiota","volume":"28","author":"Haffajee","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.060026","article-title":"Periodontal Status in Smokers and Never-Smokers: Clinical Findings and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Quantification of Putative Periodontal Pathogens","volume":"77","author":"Gomes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2001.72.5.666","article-title":"Smoking Affects the Subgingival Microflora in Periodontitis","volume":"72","author":"Winkel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00788.x","article-title":"Impact of Smoking on the Clinical, Microbiological and Immunological Parameters of Adult Patients with Periodontitis","volume":"32","author":"Apatzidou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00691.x","article-title":"Experimental Gingivitis in Cigarette Smokers: A Clinical and Microbiological Study","volume":"32","author":"Salvi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1841","article-title":"Bacteriology of Hidradenitis Suppurativa\u2014Which Antibiotics Are the Treatment of Choice?","volume":"94","author":"Matusiak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02575","article-title":"Nicotine Enhances Staphylococcus Epidermidis Biofilm Formation by Altering the Bacterial Autolysis, Extracellular DNA Releasing, and Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin Production","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjidi.2021.100001","article-title":"Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Host-Microbe and Immune Pathogenesis Underlie Important Future Directions","volume":"1","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JID Innov."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11337.1","article-title":"Hidradenitis Suppurativa: An Update on Connecting the Tracts","volume":"6","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.07.011","article-title":"The Size of a Pilot Study for a Clinical Trial Should Be Calculated in Relation to Considerations of Precision and Efficiency","volume":"65","author":"Sim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/23\/7065\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:29:32Z","timestamp":1760146172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/23\/7065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11237065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11237065","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]}}}