{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:30Z","timestamp":1787028630246,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taif University Researchers Supporting Program","award":["TURSP-2020\/153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/153"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the levels of salivary uric acid and arginase in patients with periodontitis, generalized gingivitis, and in healthy individuals. Then, the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on levels of salivary arginase and uric acid were also investigated. Methods: A total of 60 subjects were divided into three groups based on periodontal health: group I comprised 20 healthy individuals; group II comprised 20 subjects who had generalized gingivitis; group III comprised 20 subjects who had generalized periodontitis. On day 0, the clinical examination of periodontal status was recorded, following which saliva samples were collected. Group II and group III subjects underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy. These patients were recalled on day 30 to collect saliva samples. The periodontal parameters were reassessed on day 90, and saliva samples were collected for analysis of salivary arginase and uric acid levels. Results: Group II and group III showed improvement in clinical parameters following non-surgical periodontal therapy on the 90th day. The MGI score, PPD, and CAL showed improvement. On day 0, at baseline, salivary arginase levels in group III and group II were higher than those in healthy subjects, whereas on day 0, salivary uric acid levels in group III and group II were lower than those in healthy subjects. Both on day 0 and day 90, the salivary arginase level showed a positive correlation with the periodontal parameters, whereas the salivary uric acid level was positively correlated with the periodontal parameters on day 90. Conclusion: the level of salivary arginase was a pro-inflammatory marker and a raised level of salivary uric acid was an anti-inflammatory marker following periodontal therapy, suggesting their pivotal role in assessing periodontal status and evaluation of treatment outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11237142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T02:24:46Z","timestamp":1669861486000},"page":"7142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Salivary Biomarkers in Periodontitis Post Scaling and Root Planing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"K. Lakshmi","family":"Priya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4726-3727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaideep","family":"Mahendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Little","family":"Mahendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Maktoum Bin Hamdan Dental University, Dubai 122002, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anilkumar","family":"Kanakamedala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8156-2069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalaf F.","family":"Alsharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5613-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam H.","family":"Mugri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7051-1143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saranya","family":"Varadarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7459-5324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Alamoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Abdel-Halim Abdel-Azim","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mrim M.","family":"Alnfiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6688-0106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid J.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9852-490X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha A.","family":"Bahammam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80209, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Executive Presidency of Academic Affairs, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Riyadh 11614, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hosam Ali","family":"Baeshen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thodur Madapusi","family":"Balaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600127, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Bhandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0721","article-title":"Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"89","author":"Papapanou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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JOMFP"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/23\/7142\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:30:57Z","timestamp":1760146257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/23\/7142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11237142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11237142","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]}}}