{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:59:52Z","timestamp":1788274792256,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surgical resection is widely used to treat small tumours located in the iris and the ciliary body, due to the accessibility of these sites. By contrast, surgical removal of choroidal tumours is substantially more challenging, which is why this procedure is performed only at specialised centres. In the present article, we review the literature on surgical resection of choroidal tumours, which can be performed as endoresection (ab interno) or transscleral resection (ab externo). An important aim of this review is to describe and compare the two approaches in terms of visual outcomes, survival rates, and complications. Both approaches are indicated for the removal of large tumours (thickness &gt; 8 mm) with small base diameters. Surgical resection of the tumour allows clinicians to obtain valuable histopathologic and cytogenetic data from the specimen and eliminates the risks associated with radiotherapy. However, both of these surgical approaches are technically challenging procedures involving the risk of severe early and late postoperative complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11237156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T03:00:36Z","timestamp":1669950036000},"page":"7156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Local Resection in Choroidal Melanoma: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Josep Maria","family":"Caminal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology and Vitreoretinal Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7545-7257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology and Vitreoretinal Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6944-772X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brachytherapy, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Avinguda de la Gran V\u00eda de l\u2019Hospitalet, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Slocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brachytherapy, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Avinguda de la Gran V\u00eda de l\u2019Hospitalet, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep Maria","family":"Piulats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Avinguda de la Gran V\u00eda de l\u2019Hospitalet, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estefania","family":"Cobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology and Vitreoretinal Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pere","family":"Garcia-Bru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology and Vitreoretinal Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Morwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology and Vitreoretinal Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Francisco","family":"Santamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology and Vitreoretinal Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology and Vitreoretinal Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s40487-018-0056-8","article-title":"Uveal Melanoma: A Review of the Literature","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. 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