{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T02:11:09Z","timestamp":1789265469477,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Project Plan of Shaanxi Province","award":["2022PT-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022PT-12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the female partner of infertile couples and the reproductive outcomes after in vitro fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF\/ICSI-ET). We conducted a retrospective analysis on 8117 women from infertile couples who underwent IVF\/ICSI treatment and evaluated the prevalence of HPV infection in these women. The prevalence of HPV infection in the female partner of infertile couples was 9.2% (747\/8117). These HPV-infected female patients undergoing ART were divided into high-risk HPV (hrHPV) (n = 130) and low-risk HPV (lrHPV) groups (n = 94), and non-infected women patients formed the negative group (n = 126). Of the 747 cases infected with HPV, 529 showed hrHPV infection (70.82%; primarily genotypes 16, 52, 53, 58, and 59); 175 exhibited lrHPV infection (23.43%; primarily genotypes 6, 43, 44, 55, 61, and 81); and 43 cases were co-infected with hrHPV and lrHPV (5.76%). Except for the Day-3 high-quality embryo rate, there were no differences in ovum maturation, fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy, live birth, or miscarriage rates between women infected with HPV and non-infected women (p &gt; 0.05); however, we noted an increased miscarriage rate after logistic regression analyses (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03\u20130.84; p = 0.041). For single-male-factor-induced infertility in couples (smHPV), although we likewise observed no differences in ovum maturation, fertilization, or implantation rates (p &gt; 0.05) between the smHPV group and the negative group, we discerned diminutions in the Day-3 high-quality embryo rate (46.01% vs. 70.04%, p = 0.013), clinical pregnancy rate (46.67% vs. 57.94%, p = 0.003), and live birth rate (33.33% vs. 46.83%, p = 0.027) as well as an augmented miscarriage rate (11.11% vs. 4.76%, p = 0.003), respectively. Logistic regression analyses indicated that smHPV was a risk factor for decreased clinical pregnancy rate (OR, 4.17; 95% CI, 2.31\u20137.53; p &lt; 0.001) and live birth rate (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 0.81\u20132.14; p = 0.045) and elevated miscarriage rate (OR, 6.83; 95% CI, 2.22\u201321.00; p = 0.001). HPV infection in women was associated with increased miscarriage rate, and single-male-factor infertility influenced reproductive outcomes in couples undergoing IVF\/ICSI treatment. Both were potentially due to HPV infection in the couple.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11237185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T06:29:09Z","timestamp":1670221749000},"page":"7185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection in the Female Partner of Infertile Couples Undergoing IVF\/ICSI-ET and Subsequent Reproductive Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2235-7214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanhua","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tang Du Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6314-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaili","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tang Du Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tang Du Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2524-3813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tang Du Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tang Du Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tang Du Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tang Du Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6609-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tang Du Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tang Du Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4693-7830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tang Du Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tang Du Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2008.03.009","article-title":"Genital tract infections and infertility","volume":"140","author":"Pellati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. 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