{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:12:22Z","timestamp":1762078342655,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is not known if the degrees of improvement in oxygenation obtained by CPAP can predict clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This was a retrospective study conducted on patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia treated with CPAP in three University hospitals in Milan, Italy, from March 2020 to March 2021. Arterial gas analysis was obtained before and 1 h after starting CPAP. CPAP failure included either death in the respiratory units while on CPAP or the need for intubation. Two hundred and eleven patients (mean age 64 years, 74% males) were included. Baseline median PaO2, PaO2\/FiO2 ratio (P\/F), and the alveolar-arterial (A-a) O2 gradient were 68 (57\u201383) mmHg, 129 (91\u2013179) mmHg and 310 (177\u2013559) mmHg, respectively. Forty-two (19.9%) patients died in the respiratory units and 51 (24.2%) were intubated. After starting CPAP, PaO2\/FiO2 increased by 57 (12\u2013113; p &lt; 0.001) mmHg, and (A-a) O2 was reduced by 68 (\u221225\u2013250; p &lt; 0.001) mmHg. A substantial overlap of PaO2, P\/F, and A-a gradient at baseline and during CPAP was observed in CPAP failures and successes; CPAP-associated improvements in oxygenation in both groups were similar. In conclusion, CPAP-associated improvements in oxygenation do not predict clinical outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11237186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T06:29:09Z","timestamp":1670221749000},"page":"7186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Acute Improvements of Oxygenation with Cpap and Clinical Outcomes in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Pini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Polo Universitario, 20157 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9013-3418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dejan","family":"Radovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Polo Universitario, 20157 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Polo Universitario, 20157 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Gatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Polo Universitario, 20157 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi Di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiammetta","family":"Danzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Polo Universitario, 20157 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi Di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9672-3534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Mondoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi Di Milano, 20146 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Aliberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy"},{"name":"Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Centanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi Di Milano, 20146 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2285-9970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Blasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi Di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide Alberto","family":"Chiumello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo University Hospital, 20142 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Coordinated Research Center on Respiratory Failure, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi Di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3462-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierachille","family":"Santus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Polo Universitario, 20157 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi Di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0028","article-title":"Effect of Noninvasive Respiratory Strategies on Intubation or Mortality Among Patients with Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and COVID-19: The RECOVERY-RS Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"327","author":"Perkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radovanovic, D., Rizzi, M., Pini, S., Saad, M., Chiumello, D.A., and Santus, P. 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