{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T22:22:54Z","timestamp":1778365374231,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Social cognition helps people to understand their own and others\u2019 behavior and to modulate the way of thinking and acting in different social situations. Rapid and accurate diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases are essential, as social cognition is affected by these diseases. The Revised Self-Monitoring Scale (RSMS) is a scale that detects social\u2013emotional cognition deficits. Aim: The aim of the current study is to examine how socioemotional parameters are affected by neurodegenerative diseases and whether the RSMS can discern these disorders based on the socioemotional parameters in the Greek population. Methods\/Design: A total of 331 dementia subjects were included. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Addenbrooke\u2019s Cognitive Examination (Revised, ACE-R) measurements were used in order to assess the cognitive deficits. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used for the evaluation of the neuropsychiatric symptoms. The RSMS and its two subscales was used in order to detect the socioemotional deficits. Results: The RSMS and its two subscales (RSMS_EX and RSMS_SP) can effectively detect neurodegenerative diseases. The RSMS can detect bvFTD in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD), AD in a healthy cohort, behavioral variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) in a healthy cohort, bvFTD in Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD) and Frontotemporal Semantic Dementia (FTD\/SD) in a healthy cohort. It is a useful tool in order to detect frontotemporal dementias. RSMS correlated negatively with the NPI questionnaire total and the subcategories of apathy, disinhibition and eating disorders. The RSMS results are associated with the ACE-R score (specifically verbal fluency). Conclusions: The RSMS is a helpful tool in order to identify socioemotional deficits in neurodegenerative dementias. It is also a useful scale that can discern bvFTD and svPPA in AD patients. A worse RSMS score correlates with a worse ACE-R and NPI. It seems to be a useful scale that can reliably measure social behavior in non-reversible neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD, FTD (bvFTD, svPPA), PDD and PD. The results also apply to the Greek population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T05:10:19Z","timestamp":1670821819000},"page":"7375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Assessment of the Socioemotional Disorder in Neurodegenerative Diseases with the Revised Self-Monitoring Scale (RSMS)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4212-7451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Dimitriou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece & Third Age Center IASIS, 54636 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Parthimos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK"},{"name":"Third Age Center IASIS, 54636 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Kamtsadeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Age Center IASIS, 54636 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niki","family":"Tsinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Greece & Third Age Center IASIS, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Hatzopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Age Center IASIS, 54636 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evi","family":"Lykou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Age Center IASIS, 54636 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Chatziantoniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Age Center IASIS, 54636 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Papatriantafyllou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Age Center IASIS, 54636 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chara","family":"Tzavara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Age Center IASIS, 54636 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9348-7932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Zikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurologist, 251 Hellenic Airforce Hospital, 11525 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8863-3635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sokratis","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neuropsychologist, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Papatriantafyllou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Age Center IASIS, 54636 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010419-050837","article-title":"Implicit Social Cognition","volume":"71","author":"Greenwald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64150-2.00022-8","article-title":"Social cognition","volume":"173","author":"Beaudoin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691619896607","article-title":"What Do Theory-of-Mind Tasks Actually Measure? Theory and Practice","volume":"15","author":"Quesque","year":"2020","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.01.009","article-title":"Fractionating theory of mind: A meta-analysis of functional brain imaging studies","volume":"42","author":"Schurz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.09.033","article-title":"Social cognition and the cerebellum: A meta-analysis of over 350 fMRI studies","volume":"86","author":"Baetens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849794","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1849794","article-title":"Social Cognition Dysfunctions in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Neuroanatomical Correlates and Clinical Implications","volume":"2018","author":"Christidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000323","article-title":"The Relationship between Caregiver Burden and Emotion Recognition Deficits in Persons with MCI and Early AD: The Mediating Role of Caregivers\u2019 Subjective Evaluations","volume":"33","author":"Spitzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12223","article-title":"Social cognition and social functioning in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer\u2019s dementia","volume":"15","author":"Kessels","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5379","article-title":"Social cognition: Patterns of impairments in mild and moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"35","author":"Belfort","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205017666200626205154","article-title":"The Relationship between Social Cognition and Executive Functions in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"17","author":"Nogueira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-010-0140-4","article-title":"The New Classification of Primary Progressive Aphasia into Semantic, Logopenic, or Nonfluent\/Agrammatic Variants","volume":"10","author":"Bonner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.08.003","article-title":"Comprehension of insincere communication in neurodegenerative disease: Lies, sarcasm, and theory of mind","volume":"48","author":"Poorzand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2384","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009451","article-title":"Revised Self-Monitoring Scale: A potential endpoint for frontotemporal dementia clinical trials","volume":"94","author":"Toller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988716687872","article-title":"Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson Disease: A Descriptive Review on Social Cognition Ability","volume":"30","author":"Palmeri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.46.6.1349","article-title":"Revision of the self-monitoring scale","volume":"46","author":"Lennox","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(01)00065-4","article-title":"The Lennox and Wolfe Revised Self-Monitoring Scale: Latent structure and gender invariance","volume":"32","author":"Cramer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005","article-title":"The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"McKhann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. J. Alzheimer\u2019s Assoc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr179","article-title":"Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia","volume":"134","author":"Rascovsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821103e6","article-title":"Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants","volume":"76","author":"Hillis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26431","article-title":"MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Berg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031522","article-title":"Emotional and cognitive social processes are impaired in Parkinson\u2019s disease and are related to behavioral disorders","volume":"27","author":"Narme","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-Mental State\u201d. A Practical Method for Grading the Cognitive State of Patients for the Clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1610","article-title":"The Addenbrooke\u2019s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R): A brief cognitive test battery for dementia screening","volume":"21","author":"Mioshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10S","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.5_Suppl_6.10S","article-title":"The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Assessing psychopathology in dementia patients","volume":"48","author":"Cummings","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.17120349","article-title":"The Neural Correlates of Impaired Self-Monitoring Among Individuals with Neurodegenerative Dementias","volume":"31","author":"Parthimos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00865-w","article-title":"The Revised Self-Monitoring Scale Detects Early Impairment of Social Cognition in Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia within the GENFI Cohort","volume":"13","author":"Franklin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2159-13.2014","article-title":"A common cortical metric for spatial, temporal, and social distance","volume":"34","author":"Parkinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.03.072","article-title":"Cooperation between the default mode network and the frontal-parietal network in the production of an internal train of thought","volume":"1428","author":"Smallwood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2017.07.003","article-title":"The anatomy of apathy: A neurocognitive framework for amotivated behaviour","volume":"118","author":"Apps","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3449","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa305","article-title":"GABA and glutamate deficits from frontotemporal lobar degeneration are associated with disinhibition","volume":"143","author":"Murley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604488","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.604488","article-title":"Eating Behavior in Aging and Dementia: The Need for a Comprehensive Assessment","volume":"7","author":"Fostinelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/24\/7375\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:39:42Z","timestamp":1760146782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/11\/24\/7375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm11247375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11247375","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]}}}