{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:24:15Z","timestamp":1791599055625,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Medical Research Agency","award":["2020\/ABM\/COVID19\/0043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/ABM\/COVID19\/0043"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mortality in COVID-19 is mainly associated with respiratory failure, cytokine storm, and macrophage activation. Oxygenation and anti-inflammatory effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) suggest that it is a promising adjunct treatment for COVID-19. Repeated sessions of HBO with standard COVID-19 therapy were used to reduce the inflammation and increase oxygenation. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of HBOT in avoiding the replacement ventilation and\/or ECMO and its effect on the inflammatory process. Twenty-eight moderate-to-severe COVID-19 patients were randomized into control or HBOT group. HBOT patients participated in 5 hyperbaric sessions (60 min). Before and after each session blood gas levels and vital parameters were monitored. Blood samples were collected for extended biochemical tests, blood morphology and immunological assays. There were 3 deaths in the control, no deaths in the HBOT group. No adverse events leading to discontinuation of HBOT were observed and patients receiving HBOT required lower oxygen delivery. We observed decrease in CRP, ferritin and LDH and increase in CD3 in HBOT group compared to control. This study confirmed the feasibility and safety of HBOT in patients with COVID-19 and indicated HBOT can lead to alleviation of inflammation and partial restoration of T cell responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T04:21:56Z","timestamp":1671510116000},"page":"8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: The Primary Results of a Randomised Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jacek","family":"Siewiera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2374-3600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaudia","family":"Brodaczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5639-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Jermakow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3248-4615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Lubas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9629-5680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"K\u0142os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1271-4679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Majewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine (SMM), Warsaw Medical University, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5604-8407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Kot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Hyperbaric Medicine, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2607.200282","article-title":"High Contagiousness and Rapid Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2","volume":"26","author":"Sanche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. 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