{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T15:38:15Z","timestamp":1780673895242,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study aimed to identify the differences in the psychological characteristics of the anatomical location of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and the factors that influence the quality of life (QOL). Methods: Altogether, 233 patients with FGIDs were classified into the upper gastrointestinal disorder (UGID; n = 175) group and the lower gastrointestinal disorder group (LGID; n = 58). Psychological characteristics and QOL were evaluated using the validated questionnaires. Results: The LGID group demonstrated higher scores in \u2018emotional depression\u2019 than the UGID group in depressive symptoms (t = \u22123.031, p &lt; 0.01). A significant difference was observed between groups in \u2018significant others\u2019 in social supports (t = 2.254, p &lt; 0.05). Significant differences were observed between the groups in hardiness (t = 2.259, p &lt; 0.05) and persistence (t = 2.526, p &lt; 0.05) in resilience, while the LGID group demonstrated significantly lower scores than the UGID group in \u2018negative affectivity\u2019 in type-D personality (t = \u22121.997, p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the LGID group demonstrated lower QOL than the UGID group (t = 2.615, p &lt; 0.05). The stepwise regression analysis on QOL involved depression, resilience, social support, and childhood trauma, which accounted for 48.4% of the total QOL explanatory variance. Conclusions: Psychological characteristics and QOL significantly differed when FGIDs were classified according to anatomical location. Thus, psychological interventions customized for each type of FGIDs may be necessary for effective treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T02:53:11Z","timestamp":1672109591000},"page":"124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Psychological Characteristics and Quality of Life of Patients with Upper and Lower Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Seung-Ho","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suck-Chei","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8836-4818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Seung","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Yeol","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0156-2510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won-Myong","family":"Bahk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.032","article-title":"Functional gastrointestinal disorder: History, pathophysiology, clinical features, and Rome IV","volume":"150","author":"Drossman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.03.035","article-title":"Rome IV-functional GI disorders: Disorders of gut-brain interaction","volume":"150","author":"Drossman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2017-135424","article-title":"Gut-brain axis biochemical signalling from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system: Gut dysbiosis and altered brain function","volume":"94","author":"Arneth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Postgrad. 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