{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T22:27:44Z","timestamp":1793485664686,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]],"date-time":"2022-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Novo-Nordisk"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are indicated in type 2 diabetes and obesity for their high efficacy in controlling glycaemia and inducing body weight loss, respectively. Patients may develop gastrointestinal adverse events (GI AEs), namely nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and\/or constipation. To minimize their severity and duration, healthcare providers (HCPs) and patients must be aware of appropriate measures to follow while undergoing treatment. An expert panel comprising endocrinologists, nephrologists, primary care physicians, cardiologists, internists and diabetes nurse educators convened across virtual meetings to reach a consensus regarding these compelling recommendations. Firstly, specific guidelines are provided about how to reach the maintenance dose and how to proceed if GI AEs develop during dose-escalation. Secondly, specific directions are set about how to avoid\/minimize nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and constipation symptoms. Clinical scenarios representing common situations in daily practice, and infographics useful to guide both HCPs and patients, are included. These recommendations may prevent people with T2D and\/or obesity from withdrawing from GLP-1 RAs treatment, thus benefitting from their superior effect on glycaemic control and weight loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T02:53:11Z","timestamp":1672109591000},"page":"145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":354,"title":["Clinical Recommendations to Manage Gastrointestinal Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Glp-1 Receptor Agonists: A Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Juan J.","family":"Gorgojo-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Fundaci\u00f3n Alcorc\u00f3n, 28922 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Mezquita-Raya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Torrec\u00e1rdenas, 04009 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7754-6090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juana","family":"Carretero-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Badajoz, 06080 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almudena","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital la Paz, IdiPAZ, Biomedical Research Center-Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV-ISCIII), 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3710-6370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Cebri\u00e1n-Cuenca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Centre Casco Antiguo Cartagena, Primary Care Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30201 Cartagena, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"de Torres-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Torrec\u00e1rdenas, 04009 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Dolores","family":"Garc\u00eda-de-Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Costa del Sol Hospital, 29603 Marbella, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1672-7119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Valencia Clinic University Hospital, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Obaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Centre la Chopera, 28100 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Research Group, Nephrology Department, Vall d\u2019Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d\u2019Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1134-9051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"G\u00f3rriz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Valencia Clinic University Hospital, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0495-6240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Rubio-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IDISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101102","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes\u2014State-of-the-art","volume":"46","author":"Nauck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. 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