{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T08:33:29Z","timestamp":1785227609797,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dr. Senckenbergische Stiftung\/Clementine Kinderhospital Christ\u2018sche Stiftungen (Germany)"},{"name":"Uniscientia Stiftung (Switzerland)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) assesses post-concussion symptoms (PCS) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The current study examines the applicability of self-report and proxy versions of the German RPQ in adolescents (13\u201317 years) after TBI. We investigated reliability and validity on the total and scale score level. Construct validity was investigated by correlations with the Post-Concussion Symptoms Inventory (PCSI-SR13), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and by hypothesis testing regarding individuals\u2019 characteristics. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) assessed adolescent\u2013proxy agreement. In total, 148 adolescents after TBI and 147 proxies completed the RPQ. Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 (0.81\u20130.91) and McDonald\u2019s \u03c9 (0.84\u20130.95) indicated good internal consistency. The three-factor structure outperformed the unidimensional model. The RPQ was strongly correlated with the PCSI-SR13 (self-report: r = 0.80; proxy: r = 0.75) and moderately\u2013strongly with GAD-7 and PHQ-9 (self-report: r = 0.36, r = 0.35; proxy: r = 0.53, r = 0.62). Adolescent\u2013proxy agreement was fair (ICC [2,1] = 0.44, CI95% [0.41, 0.47]). Overall, both self-report and proxy assessment forms of the German RPQ are suitable for application in adolescents after TBI. As proxy ratings tend to underestimate PCS, self-reports are preferable for evaluations. Only if a patient is unable to answer, a proxy should be used as a surrogate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T03:00:59Z","timestamp":1672628459000},"page":"319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Psychometric Properties of the German Version of the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire in Adolescents after Traumatic Brain Injury and Their Proxies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8892-896X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Bockhop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0172-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Zeldovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5072-6307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Greving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0518-8781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ugne","family":"Krenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5530-8190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin","family":"Cunitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Timmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8547-7283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena M.","family":"Bonke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0995-9050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela V.","family":"Bonfert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1281-9286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inga K.","family":"Koerte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Kieslich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology, Hospital of Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maike","family":"Roediger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Staebler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Rehabilitation Center for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults, 78262 Gailingen am Hochrhein, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Berweck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialist Center for Paediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation and Epileptology, Schoen Klinik Vogtareuth, 83569 Vogtareuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Neonatology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pneumology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, 37075 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6823-9091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Knut","family":"Brockmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, 37075 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philine","family":"Rojczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1339-5246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Buchheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"von Steinbuechel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, 37073 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.03.045","article-title":"Epidemiology of Global Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Qualitative 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