{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T07:54:53Z","timestamp":1776412493316,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate modifications in electromyographic activity of temporal and masseter muscles before and after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) in adult subjects. Materials and Methods: Data from 20 patients with unilateral posterior crossbite were selected retrospectively from the Orthodontics Department of the University of Genoa and the Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences of the University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan. Inclusion criteria were set as skeletal class I; adult patients (age &gt; 18); good general health; patients with a transverse maxillary deficiency with unilateral posterior crossbite and maxillary constriction \u2265 5 mm; Superficial electromyographic (EMG) examinations at T0 and T1. Exclusion criteria were smoking, metabolic bone diseases (e.g., hyperparathyroidism, vitamin C deficiency), chronic use of corticoids before or during treatment, parafunctional habits (e.g., bruxism), and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The Shapiro\u2013Wilk test was performed to check whether the data were normally distributed. Differences for each variable before and after SARME were analyzed with a paired t-test (p &lt; 0.05). Results: The statistical analysis demonstrated no statistically significant differences between the EMG values taken before and after SARME regarding the standardized electrical activity of the masticatory muscles (masseter and anterior temporalis (p &gt; 0.05)). Conclusions: Considering the specific conditions of this study, it can be concluded that SARME did not alter the EMG activity of the masseter and temporal muscles. The present study has shown that the masticatory musculature evaluated after approximately 8 months of therapy can adapt well to SARME.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12020607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T03:47:01Z","timestamp":1673495221000},"page":"607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of Masticatory Muscles in Adult Patients with Maxillary Hypoplasia Treated with Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion (SARME): A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3170-521X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Abate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20142 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2191-8673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Lanteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20142 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loris","family":"Marcolongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20142 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8885-5887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Solimei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5930-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Maspero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20142 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.10.011","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion in growing patients: Correspondence between 3-dimensional airway changes and polysomnography","volume":"78","author":"Caprioglio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. 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