{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:28:37Z","timestamp":1790206117093,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]],"date-time":"2023-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovation and Transformation Fund of Peking University Third Hospital","award":["BYSYZHKC2021116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BYSYZHKC2021116"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recurrent patellar dislocation is a commonly encountered patellofemoral disease. Prompt surgical intervention is indicated for recurrent dislocation to restore patellofemoral stability. As one of the most preferred procedures, medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction has been implemented on a large scale. Femoral tunnel placement remains a crucial technical issue during MPFL reconstruction and is critical to ensure the isometry and proper tension of the graft. Currently, visual\u2013palpatory anatomic landmarks and fluoroscopy-guided radiographic landmarks comprise the main approaches to intraoperative femoral tunnel positioning. However, the accuracy of both methods has been questioned. This article introduces an arthroscopic femoral tunnel placement technique. Apart from traditional anteromedial and anterolateral portals, two auxiliary arthroscopic portals are specially designed. The adductor tubercle, the medial epicondyle and the posterior edge are selected as main anatomic landmarks and are directly visualized in sequence under arthroscope. The relative position between the femoral attachment of the MPFL and the three landmarks is measured on preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography, providing semi-quantified reference for intraoperative localization. This technique achieves minimally invasive tunnel placement without X-ray exposure, and especially suits obese patients for whom palpatory methods are difficult to perform.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12020680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T04:31:32Z","timestamp":1673843492000},"page":"680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Novel Technique of Arthroscopic Femoral Tunnel Placement during Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Recurrent Patellar Dislocation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fengyi","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weili","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9305-6158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1037","article-title":"High rate of recurrent patellar dislocation in skeletally immature patients: A long-term population-based study","volume":"26","author":"Sanders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knee Surg. 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