{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:45:55Z","timestamp":1791477955369,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Henoch\u2013Sch\u00f6nlein purpura or IgA vasculitis is the most common type of pediatric vasculitis that may affect adults as well. It is classified as a type of small-vessel vasculitis. It can cause cutaneous and systemic symptoms with a minority of patients developing kidney failure. Little is known about the specific pathophysiology of this disorder, except that it is believed to occur in individuals with abnormally glycosylated IgA1. Serum aberrant IgA1 may form large antigen\u2013antibody complexes which, due to a defective clearance, are able to deposit in the small vessels of the skin, kidney, gut, and joints. A variety of factors, including infectious agents, drugs, and vaccines, have been identified as potential triggers. The majority of cases are preceded by upper respiratory tract infections, and seasonal variations suggest a link with many pathogens. The etiologic agent most frequently associated with IgA vasculitis historically have been group A \u03b2-hemolytic streptococcus and common respiratory tract viruses. However, during the current coronavirus pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infection was identified as a main trigger factor. In addition, IgA vasculitis has been observed following COVID-19 immunization. This review provides insights into the state of the art on the relationship between viral infections, viral vaccines, and Henoch\u2013Sch\u00f6nlein purpura.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12020697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T04:31:32Z","timestamp":1673843492000},"page":"697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Viral Infections May Be Associated with Henoch\u2013Sch\u00f6nlein Purpura"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mariam","family":"Nikolaishvili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ivane Javakhishvil Tbilisi State University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ani","family":"Pazhava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American MD Program, Tbilisi State Medical University, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8961-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vito","family":"Di Lernia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11279-7","article-title":"Incidence of Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Kawasaki disease, and rare vasculitides in children of different ethnic origins","volume":"360","author":"Dolezalova","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000346","article-title":"Approach to cutaneous vasculitides with special emphasis on small vessel vasculitis: Histopathology and direct immunofluorescence","volume":"29","author":"Demirkesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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