{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T03:23:12Z","timestamp":1785813792738,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For older patients with decreased reserve function, traumatic cervical spine injuries frequently lead to early mortality. However, the prognostic factors for early mortality remain unclear. This study included patients aged \u226565 years and hospitalized for treatment of traumatic cervical spine injuries in 78 hospitals between 2010 and 2020. Early mortality was defined as death within 90 days after injury. We evaluated the relationship between early mortality and the following factors: age, sex, body mass index, history of drinking and smoking, injury mechanisms, presence of a cervical spine fracture and dislocation, cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale, concomitant injury, pre-existing comorbidities, steroid administration, and treatment plan. Overall, 1512 patients (mean age, 75.8 \u00b1 6.9 years) were included in the study. The early mortality rate was 4.0%. Multivariate analysis identified older age (OR = 1.1, p &lt; 0.001), male sex (OR = 3.7, p = 0.009), cervical spine fracture (OR = 4.2, p &lt; 0.001), complete motor paralysis (OR = 8.4, p &lt; 0.001), and chronic kidney disease (OR = 5.3, p &lt; 0.001) as risk factors for early mortality. Older age, male sex, cervical spine fracture, complete motor paralysis, and chronic kidney disease are prognostic factors for early mortality in older patients with traumatic cervical spine injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12020708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T04:57:19Z","timestamp":1673845039000},"page":"708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Risk Factors for Early Mortality in Older Patients with Traumatic Cervical Spine Injuries\u2014A Multicenter Retrospective Study of 1512 Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Motoya","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3415-5823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriaki","family":"Yokogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4762-5932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Sasagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama 930-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0039-9678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9681-2422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Segi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadayuki","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Funayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Eto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Yamaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ibaraki Seinan Medical Center Hospital, Sakai 306-0433, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Yamane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Murayama Medical Center, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5378-940X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeo","family":"Furuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, 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Nagoya-shi 454-0933, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Terashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsuda Orthopedic Memorial Hospital, Sapporo 001-0018, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Hirota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8543, 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University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Iizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7995-6093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiji","family":"Takasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9468-9387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Akeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie Tsu City 514-8507, 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Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Oshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kaito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4189-9270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshitaka","family":"Yoshii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Ohba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bungo","family":"Otsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9930-5100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoji","family":"Seki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, 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