{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:09:20Z","timestamp":1787612960187,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Patients with Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) undergoing bowel resection often suffer from depression and acute pain, which severely impairs their recovery. We aimed to investigate the effects of S-ketamine preconditioning on postoperative depression in patients with CD undergoing a bowel resection with mild to moderate depression and to observe whether it can relieve postoperative pain and anti-inflammation. Methods: A total of 124 adult patients were randomized into one of the two groups. Patients in the S-ketamine group received a 0.25 mg\/kg S-ketamine intravenous drip under general anesthesia induction, followed by a continuous infusion of S-ketamine with 0.12 mg\/kg\/h for more than 30 min through target-controlled infusion. Patients in the placebo group received 0.9% saline at an identical volume and rate. The primary outcome measure was the 17-item Hamilton depression Scale (HAMD-17). The secondary outcomes were scores on the following questionnaires: a nine-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9); a quality of recovery (QoR-15) form; and a numeric rating scale (NRS). Additional secondary outcomes included the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 5, the length of hospital stay, and opioid use throughout the hospital stay. Results: The scores of PHQ-9 and HAMD-17 in the S-ketamine group were lower than those in the placebo group on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 2, and 7 (p &lt; 0.05). The scores of QoR-15 in the S-ketamine group were higher than those in the placebo group on postoperative days (PODs) 3 and 5 (p &lt; 0.05). The NRS scores of PACU, postoperative days 1 and 2 in the S-ketamine group were lower than those in the placebo group (p &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in the CRP and IL-6 levels on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 5, postoperative complications, and hospital stay between the two groups (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: The trial indicated that the intraoperative administration of low-dose S-ketamine could alleviate mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms and postoperative pain in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease undergoing bowel resection without worsening their safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12031152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T05:33:53Z","timestamp":1675229633000},"page":"1152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Intraoperative Low-Dose S-Ketamine Reduces Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease Undergoing Bowel Resection: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin-Xiao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-Xuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ying","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Yu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da-Peng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Feng","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2017.07.010","article-title":"An Update on Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"44","author":"Sairenji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prim. 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