{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:41:51Z","timestamp":1791830511090,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004346","name":"Stiftung Rheinland-Pfalz f\u00fcr Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AZ 961-386261\/733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 961-386261\/733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004346","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004346","name":"Stiftung Rheinland-Pfalz f\u00fcr Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMBF 01EO1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01EO1503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004346","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz","award":["AZ 961-386261\/733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 961-386261\/733"]}]},{"name":"Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz","award":["BMBF 01EO1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01EO1503"]}]},{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","award":["AZ 961-386261\/733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 961-386261\/733"]}]},{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","award":["BMBF 01EO1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01EO1503"]}]},{"name":"PHILIPS Medical Systems","award":["AZ 961-386261\/733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 961-386261\/733"]}]},{"name":"PHILIPS Medical Systems","award":["BMBF 01EO1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01EO1503"]}]},{"name":"Gutenberg Health Study","award":["AZ 961-386261\/733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 961-386261\/733"]}]},{"name":"Gutenberg Health Study","award":["BMBF 01EO1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01EO1503"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AZ 961-386261\/733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 961-386261\/733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMBF 01EO1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01EO1503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"German Center for Vascular Research (DZHK Rhein Main)","award":["AZ 961-386261\/733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 961-386261\/733"]}]},{"name":"German Center for Vascular Research (DZHK Rhein Main)","award":["BMBF 01EO1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01EO1503"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tinnitus is a common symptom reported in otolaryngologic practice. Although the pathophysiology of tinnitus has not been fully understood, clinical studies suggest that psychological symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization are increased in tinnitus patients. However, patients seeking medical treatment for tinnitus may be especially vulnerable. Population-based studies reporting on the association between tinnitus and psychological distress are still lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of tinnitus with depression, anxiety, or somatization in a large population-based cohort. The Gutenberg Health Study is a population-based cohort study. Participants were asked about the occurrence of tinnitus (yes\/no) and how much they were bothered by it. In addition, they completed the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and SSS-8 questionnaires to assess depressive symptoms, anxiety, and somatic symptom disorders. A total of 8539 participants were included in the study cohort. Tinnitus prevalence was 28.0% (2387). The prevalence of depression\/anxiety\/somatic symptom disorders was significantly higher among participants with tinnitus than among participants without tinnitus (7.9%\/5.4%\/40.4% participants with tinnitus vs. 4.6%\/3.3%\/26.9% participants without tinnitus, p-value &lt; 0.0001). Logistic regression results showed that participants with tinnitus were more likely to suffer from depression (OR = 2.033, 95% CI [1.584; 2.601], p-value &lt; 0.0001), anxiety (OR = 1.841, 95% CI [1.228; 2.728], p-value = 0.0027), or somatic symptom disorders (OR = 2.057, 95% CI [1.799; 2.352], p-value &lt; 0.0001). Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptom disorders were increased in participants with tinnitus. This must be taken into account when treating these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12031169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T01:53:54Z","timestamp":1675302834000},"page":"1169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Tinnitus and Its Relation to Depression, Anxiety, and Stress\u2014A Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Berit","family":"Hackenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"D\u00f6ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karoline","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bohnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl J.","family":"Lackner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred E.","family":"Beutel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4028-5851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Michal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"M\u00fcnzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology\u2014Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp S.","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine\u2014Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine\u2014Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Schmidtmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Matthias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7428-127X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Bahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60142-7","article-title":"Tinnitus","volume":"382","author":"Baguley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.05.009","article-title":"A systematic review of the reporting of tinnitus prevalence and severity","volume":"337","author":"McCormack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hear. 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