{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:11:43Z","timestamp":1791259903406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute","award":["2019B008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B008"]}]},{"name":"Pusan National University Hospital","award":["2019B008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To evaluate whether an impaired anterior visual pathway (retinal structures with microvasculature) is associated with underlying beta-amyloid (A\u03b2) pathologies in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia (ADD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we compared retinal structural and vascular factors in each subgroup with positive or negative amyloid biomarkers. Twenty-seven patients with dementia, thirty-five with MCI, and nine with cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls were consecutively recruited. All participants were divided into positive A\u03b2 (A+) or negative A\u03b2 (A\u2212) pathology based on amyloid positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid A\u03b2. The retinal circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT), macular ganglion cell\/inner plexiform layer thickness (mGC\/IPLT), and microcirculation of the macular superficial capillary plexus were measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography. One eye of each participant was included in the analysis. Retinal structural and vascular factors significantly decreased in the following order: dementia &lt; MCI &lt; CU controls. The A+ group had significantly lower microcirculation in the para- and peri-foveal temporal regions than did the A\u2212. However, the structural and vascular parameters did not differ between the A+ and A\u2212 with dementia. The cpRNFLT was unexpectedly greater in the A+ than in the A\u2212 with MCI. mGC\/IPLT was lower in the A+ CU than in the A\u2212 CU. Our findings suggest that retinal structural changes may occur in the preclinical and early stages of dementia but are not highly specific to AD pathophysiology. In contrast, decreased temporal macula microcirculation may be used as a biomarker for the underlying A\u03b2 pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T02:28:17Z","timestamp":1675736897000},"page":"1310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparison of Retinal Structural and Neurovascular Changes between Patients with and without Amyloid Pathology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0313-3928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangwoo","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumin","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sook Kyeong","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8265-9508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na-Yeon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-1767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung Jun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiwoong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.4782","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Dementia","volume":"322","author":"Arvanitakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a Biological Definition of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00023-3","article-title":"Vision and Cognition in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"38","author":"Rizzo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141659","article-title":"Retinal Ganglion Cell Analysis Using High-Definition Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"45","author":"Cheung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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