{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T20:03:10Z","timestamp":1770494590896,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Medical University Hospital under project","award":["DMR-108-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-108-166"]}]},{"name":"China Medical University Hospital under project","award":["DMR-111-223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-111-223"]}]},{"name":"China Medical University Hospital under project","award":["21-12994J"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-12994J"]}]},{"name":"China Medical University Hospital under project","award":["SOLID21\u2014CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SOLID21\u2014CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000760"]}]},{"name":"Czech Science foundation","award":["DMR-108-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-108-166"]}]},{"name":"Czech Science foundation","award":["DMR-111-223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-111-223"]}]},{"name":"Czech Science foundation","award":["21-12994J"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-12994J"]}]},{"name":"Czech Science foundation","award":["SOLID21\u2014CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SOLID21\u2014CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000760"]}]},{"name":"Operational Programme Research, Development and Education financed by European Structural and Investment Funds and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports","award":["DMR-108-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-108-166"]}]},{"name":"Operational Programme Research, Development and Education financed by European Structural and Investment Funds and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports","award":["DMR-111-223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-111-223"]}]},{"name":"Operational Programme Research, Development and Education financed by European Structural and Investment Funds and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports","award":["21-12994J"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-12994J"]}]},{"name":"Operational Programme Research, Development and Education financed by European Structural and Investment Funds and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports","award":["SOLID21\u2014CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SOLID21\u2014CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000760"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuropsychological tests (NPTs), which are routinely used in clinical practice for assessment of dementia, are also considered to be essential for differential diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), especially the behavioral variants of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and primary progressive aphasia (PPA) at their initial clinical presentations. However, the heterogeneous features of these diseases, which have many overlapping signs, make differentiation between AD and FTLD highly challenging. Moreover, NPTs were primarily developed in Western countries and for native speakers of non-tonal languages. Hence, there is an ongoing dispute over the validity and reliability of these tests in culturally different and typologically diverse language populations. The purpose of this case series was to examine which of the NPTs adjusted for Taiwanese society may be used to distinguish these two diseases. Since AD and FTLD have different effects on individuals\u2019 brain, we combined NPTs with neuroimaging. We found that participants diagnosed with FTLD had lower scores in NPTs assessing language or social cognition than AD participants. PPA participants also had lower measures in the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test than those diagnosed with bvFTD, while bvFTD participants showed poorer performances in the behavioral measures than PPA participants. In addition, the initial diagnosis was supported by the standard one-year clinical follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T01:32:05Z","timestamp":1675819925000},"page":"1322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Combining Neuropsychological Assessment with Neuroimaging to Distinguish Early-Stage Alzheimer\u2019s Disease from Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration in Non-Western Tonal Native Language-Speaking Individuals Living in Taiwan: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chih-Yun","family":"Kuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7796-1024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin-Yi","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3323-3308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivo","family":"Stachiv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Materials, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chon-Haw","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chun","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Nikolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association (2021). 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