{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:59:31Z","timestamp":1781632771779,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health\/NIH","award":["P30CA046592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA046592"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health\/NIH","award":["K08HL155407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08HL155407"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health\/NIH","award":["U063790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U063790"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health\/NIH","award":["DMS-1712933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS-1712933"]}]},{"name":"University of Michigan (UM-Precision Health Investigators Award","award":["P30CA046592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA046592"]}]},{"name":"University of Michigan (UM-Precision Health Investigators Award","award":["K08HL155407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08HL155407"]}]},{"name":"University of Michigan (UM-Precision Health Investigators Award","award":["U063790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U063790"]}]},{"name":"University of Michigan (UM-Precision Health Investigators Award","award":["DMS-1712933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS-1712933"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["P30CA046592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA046592"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["K08HL155407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08HL155407"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["U063790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U063790"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["DMS-1712933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS-1712933"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: A growing number of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) survivors are affected by post-acute sequelae of SARS CoV-2 infection (PACS). Using electronic health record data, we aimed to characterize PASC-associated diagnoses and develop risk prediction models. Methods: In our cohort of 63,675 patients with a history of COVID-19, 1724 (2.7%) had a recorded PASC diagnosis. We used a case\u2013control study design and phenome-wide scans to characterize PASC-associated phenotypes of the pre-, acute-, and post-COVID-19 periods. We also integrated PASC-associated phenotypes into phenotype risk scores (PheRSs) and evaluated their predictive performance. Results: In the post-COVID-19 period, known PASC symptoms (e.g., shortness of breath, malaise\/fatigue) and musculoskeletal, infectious, and digestive disorders were enriched among PASC cases. We found seven phenotypes in the pre-COVID-19 period (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, concussion, nausea\/vomiting) and sixty-nine phenotypes in the acute-COVID-19 period (predominantly respiratory, circulatory, neurological) associated with PASC. The derived pre- and acute-COVID-19 PheRSs stratified risk well, e.g., the combined PheRSs identified a quarter of the cohort with a history of COVID-19 with a 3.5-fold increased risk (95% CI: 2.19, 5.55) for PASC compared to the bottom 50%. Conclusions: The uncovered PASC-associated diagnoses across categories highlighted a complex arrangement of presenting and likely predisposing features, some with potential for risk stratification approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T01:32:05Z","timestamp":1675819925000},"page":"1328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Characterizing and Predicting Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS CoV-2 Infection (PASC) in a Large Academic Medical Center in the US"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2110-1690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars G.","family":"Fritsche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0644-5153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weijia","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7432-3764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Admon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"VA Center for Clinical Management Research, LTC Charles S. Kettles VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhramar","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Center for Precision Health Data Science, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Michigan Institute for Data Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Microsoft Corporation (2022, October 13). Bing COVID-19 Tracker. 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