{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T06:46:31Z","timestamp":1773470791586,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Smidt Heart Institute","award":["233046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["233046"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There are subtypes within blood type A, termed non-A1, that have reduced expression of A antigen on cell surfaces. This can result in the development of anti-A1 antibodies. There is limited information regarding the impact of this in heart transplant (HTx) recipients. We conducted a single-center cohort study of 142 Type A HTx recipients in which we compared outcomes of a match group (an A1\/O heart into an A1 recipient or a non-A1\/O heart into a non-A1 recipient) with a mismatch group (an A1 heart into a non-A1 recipient or a non-A1 heart into an A1 recipient). At one year post-transplant, there were no differences between the groups in survival, freedom from non-fatal major adverse cardiovascular events, freedom from any treated rejection, or freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy. There was an increased hospital length of stay in the mismatch group (13.5 vs. 17.1 days, p = 0.04). Our study showed that A1 mismatch was not associated with worse outcomes at one year post-HTx.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T01:32:05Z","timestamp":1675819925000},"page":"1337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Blood Type A1 Mismatch Does Not Affect Heart Transplant Outcomes at One Year"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9680-5801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louie","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seongkyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Klapper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon A.","family":"Kobashigawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Kittleson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2015.01.008","article-title":"Outcomes after ABO-incompatible heart transplantation in adults: A registry study","volume":"34","author":"Bergenfeldt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"88","article-title":"The specific distribution of glycolipid-based blood group A antigens in human kidney related to A1\/A2, Lewis, and secretor status of single individuals. A possible molecular explanation for the successful transplantation of A2 kidneys into O recipients","volume":"42","author":"Breimer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2022, August 22). Public Comment Archive, Available online: https:\/\/optn.transplant.hrsa.gov\/governance\/public-comment\/public-comment-archive\/."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"193","article-title":"Living-donor kidney transplant from a type a donor to a type a subgroup recipient","volume":"13","author":"Ueda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqw101","article-title":"Successful ABO-Incompatible Renal Transplantation: Blood Group A1B Donor into A2B Recipient with Anti-A1 Isoagglutinins","volume":"146","author":"Fadeyi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPBGW81HQWBOZO","article-title":"Successful unintentional ABO-incompatible renal transplantation: Blood group A1B donor into an A2B recipient","volume":"141","author":"Fadeyi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2019.01.1003","article-title":"Impact of Blood Group A Subtyping on Heart Transplantation: A Single Center Experience","volume":"38","author":"Basha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2005.03.019","article-title":"Revision of the 1990 working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature in the diagnosis of heart rejection","volume":"24","author":"Stewart","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2013.08.011","article-title":"The 2013 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Working Formulation for the standardization of nomenclature in the pathologic diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection in heart transplantation","volume":"32","author":"Berry","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2022, August 16). Predicted Heart Mass (PHM) Match Calculator. Available online: https:\/\/insights.unos.org\/phm-calculator."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2018.05.002","article-title":"The clinical impact of donor-specific antibodies in heart transplantation","volume":"32","author":"Barten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transplant. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.09.039","article-title":"Characterizing Predictors and Severity of Vasoplegia Syndrome After Heart Transplantation","volume":"105","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001469","article-title":"Primary Graft Dysfunction in Heart Transplant Recipients-Risk Factors and Longitudinal Outcomes","volume":"68","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2022, September 12). Patients with Certain Blood Groups Wait Much Longer for Heart Transplants. Available online: https:\/\/www.organdonation.nhs.uk\/get-involved\/news\/patients-with-certain-blood-groups-wait-longer-for-heart-transplants\/."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318245b2af","article-title":"Outcomes of ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation in the United States","volume":"93","author":"Montgomery","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3148.2001.00313.x","article-title":"ABO-incompatibility in solid organ transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Rydberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transfus. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13499","article-title":"A2\/A2 B to B Renal Transplantation: Past, Present, and Future Directions","volume":"16","author":"Bryan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31825c591e","article-title":"Safety of blood group A2-to-O liver transplantation: An analysis of the United Network of Organ Sharing database","volume":"94","author":"Kluger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.675","article-title":"A2 liver transplantation across the ABO barrier: Increasing options in the donor pool?","volume":"10","author":"Ge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"504","article-title":"ABO-incompatible heart transplantation: A special case for the A2 donor","volume":"12","author":"Ott","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"2624","article-title":"Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: Current review and future research directions","volume":"117","author":"Pober","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/4\/1337\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:27:28Z","timestamp":1760120848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/4\/1337"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12041337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12041337","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]}}}