{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:49:07Z","timestamp":1762508947082,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873472"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of Big endothelin-1(ET-1) for left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) and prognosis in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Patients with DCM and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \u2264 50% from 2008 to 2017 were included. LVRR was defined as the LVEF increased by at least 10% or follow-up LVEF increased to at least 50% with a minimum improvement of 5%; meanwhile, the index of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDDi) decreased by at least 10% or LVEDDi decreased to \u226433 mm\/m2. The composite outcome for prognostic analysis consisted of death and heart transplantations. Of the 375 patients included (median age 47 years, 21.1% female), 135 patients (36%) had LVRR after a median of 14 months of treatment. An independent association was found between Big ET-1 at baseline and LVRR in the multivariate model (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.55\u20130.89, p = 0.003, per log increase). Big ET-1, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and treatment with ACEI\/ARB were significant predictors for LVRR after stepwise selection. Adding Big ET-1 to the model improved the discrimination (\u2206AUC = 0.037, p = 0.042 and reclassification (IDI, 3.29%; p = 0.002; NRI, 35%; p = 0.002) for identifying patients with LVRR. During a median follow-up of 39 (27\u201368) months, Big ET-1 was also independently associated with the composite outcome of death and heart transplantations (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.13\u20131.85, p = 0.003, per log increase). In conclusion, Big ET-1 was an independent predictor for LVRR and had prognostic implications, which might help to improve the risk stratification of patients with DCM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T01:37:07Z","timestamp":1675906627000},"page":"1363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Big Endothelin-1 as a Predictor of Reverse Remodeling and Prognosis in Dilated Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6339-7779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayu","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengchao","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boping","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yihang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liyan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular Medications, National Health Committee, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.841","article-title":"Report of the 1995 World Health Organization\/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the Definition and Classification of 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