{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:26:31Z","timestamp":1792499191178,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is defined by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) as the presence of an exposed bone area in the maxillofacial region, present for more than eight weeks in patients treated with the use of antiresorptive or antiangiogenic agents, with no history of radiation or metastatic disease. Bisphosphonates (BF) and denosumab (DS) are widely used in adults for the management of patients with cancer and osteoporosis, and recently there has been an increase in their use in child and young patients for the management of disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS), malignant hypercalcemia, and others. There are differences between case reports in adults compared to child and young patients related to the use of antiresorptive\/antiangiogenic drugs and the development of MRONJ. The aim was to analyze the presence of MRONJ in children and young patients, and the relation with oral surgery. A systematic review, following the PRISMA search matrix based on the PICO question, was conducted in PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and manual search in high-impact journals between 1960 and 2022, publications in English or Spanish, including randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, cases and controls studies, and series and case reports. A total of 2792 articles were identified and 29 were included; all of them published between 2007 and 2022, identifying 1192 patients, 39.68% male and 36.24% female, aged 11.56 years old on average, using these drugs mainly for OI (60.15%); 4.21 years on average was the therapy time and 10.18 drug doses administered on average; oral surgery was observed in 216 subjects, reporting 14 cases of MRONJ. We concluded that there is a low presence of MRONJ in the child and youth population treated with antiresorptive drugs. Data collection is weak, and details of therapy are not clear in some cases. Deficiencies in protocols and pharmacological characterization were observed in most of the included articles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T05:18:35Z","timestamp":1676006315000},"page":"1416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ) in Children and Young Patients\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hemil Dario","family":"Rosales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in OMFS, Hospital General del Oeste, Caracas 1030, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Garcia Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Santa Maria University, Caracas 1073, Venezuela"},{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Ortopedico Infantil, Caracas 1050, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Requejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in OMFS, Hospital General del Oeste, Caracas 1030, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Dianella","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Santa Maria University, Caracas 1073, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Acero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8153-0676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Olate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile"},{"name":"Division of Oral, Facial and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2011.09.002","article-title":"Bisphosphonate osteonecrosis of the jaw: A historical and contemporary review","volume":"10","author":"McLeod","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.04.010","article-title":"Pharmacogenomics of osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"124","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.2.558","article-title":"Zoledronic Acid Is Superior to Pamidronate in the Treatment of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy: A Pooled Analysis of Two Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trials","volume":"19","author":"Major","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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