{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:26:31Z","timestamp":1791941191312,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]],"date-time":"2023-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency has garnered significant attention in contemporary medical research. Although the canonical biological activity of VitD manifests itself mainly in the regulation of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, recent studies show that, thanks to the presence of numerous receptors, VitD may also play an important role in regulating the immune system. VitD deficiency has been demonstrated to impact autoimmune disease, coeliac disease, infections (including respiratory\/COVID-19), and patients with cancer. Recent studies also show that VitD plays a significant role in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Many studies have shown a correlation between low VitD levels and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis \u2013 Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), Graves\u2019 disease (GD), and postpartum thyroiditis (PPT). This review article, therefore, describes the current state of knowledge on the role of VitD in AITDs, including HT, GD, and PTT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T01:48:56Z","timestamp":1676252936000},"page":"1452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The Role of Vitamin D in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Agata","family":"Czarnywojtek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2689-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Florek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Pietro\u0144czyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Voivodal Specialistic Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1510-4702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Sawicka-Gutaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6296-7220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Rucha\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ohad","family":"Ronen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Tel Awiw 5290002, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain J.","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok R.","family":"Shaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3063-0890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Rodrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias, and Instituto Universitario de Oncolog\u00eda del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph Patrick","family":"Tufano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Thyroid and Parathyroid Center, Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Sarasota Memorial Health Care System, Sarasota, FL 34239, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7918-9739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Zafereo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head & Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77005, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5373-9181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory William","family":"Randolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8247-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfio","family":"Ferlito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, 35100 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charoenngam, N., and Holick, M.F. 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