{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:52:46Z","timestamp":1760147566179,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tardive syndrome (TS) refers to persistent hyperkinetic, hypokinetic, and sensory complaints appearing after chronic neuroleptics and other dopamine receptor-blocking agents (DRBAs). It is defined as involuntary movements, often rhythmic, choreiform, or athetoid, involving the tongue, face, extremities, and sensory urges such as akathisia and lasts for a few weeks. TS develops in association with neuroleptic medication usage for a few months at least. There is usually a delay between the initiation of the causative drug and the onset of abnormal movements. However, it was soon noted that TS can also develop early, even days or weeks after DRBAs begin. However, the longer the exposure, the greater the risk of developing TS. Tardive dyskinesia, dystonia, akathisia, tremor, and parkinsonism are frequent phenomenologies of this syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T01:41:06Z","timestamp":1676338866000},"page":"1498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tardive Syndrome Is a Mysterious Phenomenon with Different Clinical Manifestations\u2014Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3305-6054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samih","family":"Badarny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, Israel"},{"name":"Bar Ilan Faculty of Medicine, Zafed 1311502, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rima","family":"Nassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Israel Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yazid","family":"Badarny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 3109601, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000001142","article-title":"Cumulative Burden of Illness in Veterans With Tardive Dyskinesia and Serious Mental Disorders","volume":"40","author":"Caroff","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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