{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:13:46Z","timestamp":1789427626753,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the primary drugs for treating musculoskeletal pain. However, there are currently no evidence-based recommendations about drug selection, drug administration, drug interactions, and use in special populations or other pharmacology-related content of such medications. To this end, the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee developed multidisciplinary guidelines on using topical NSAIDs to treat musculoskeletal pain. (2) Methods: The guidelines development process followed the World Health Organization guideline development handbook, the GRADE methodology, and the statement of Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare. The guideline panel used the Delphi method to identify six clinical questions to be addressed in the guidelines. An independent systematic review team conducted a systematic search and integration of evidence. (3) Results: Based on the balance between the benefits and harms of an intervention, the quality of the evidence, patient preferences and values, and resource utilization, the guideline panel developed 11 recommendations and nine expert consensuses on using topical NSAIDs to treat acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain. (4) Conclusions: Based on the effectiveness and overall safety of topical NSAIDs, we recommend patients with musculoskeletal pain use topical NSAIDs and suggest high-risk patients use topical NSAIDs, such as those with other diseases or receiving other concurrent treatments. The evidenced-based guidelines on topical NSAIDs for musculoskeletal pain incorporated a pharmacist perspective. The guidelines have the potential to facilitate the rational use of topical NSAIDs. The guideline panel will monitor the relevant evidence and update the recommendations accordingly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T01:36:52Z","timestamp":1676511412000},"page":"1544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Multidisciplinary Guidelines for the Rational Use of Topical Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Musculoskeletal Pain (2022)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430022, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoming","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengwu","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bifa","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Management, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cibo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinying","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Nursing, St. Luke\u2019s International University, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyan","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin\u2019an","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, 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