{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:52:59Z","timestamp":1788954779749,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study sought to characterize the saliva microbiota of Candida carriage Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (SS) patients compared to oral candidiasis and healthy patients by high-throughput sequencing. Methods: Fifteen patients were included, with five Candida carriage SS patients (decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) score 22), five oral candidiasis patients (DMFT score 17), and five caries active healthy patients (DMFT score 14). Bacterial 16S rRNA was extracted from rinsed whole saliva. PCR amplification generated DNA amplicons of the V3\u2013V4 hypervariable region, which were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform and compared and aligned to the SILVA database. Taxonomy abundance and community structure diversity was analyzed using Mothur software v1.40.0. Results: A total of 1016\/1298\/1085 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from SS patients\/oral candidiasis patient\/healthy patients. Treponema, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Selenomonas, and Veillonella were the primary genera in the three groups. The most abundant significantly mutative taxonomy (OTU001) was Veillonella parvula. Microbial diversity (alpha diversity and beta diversity) was significantly increased in SS patients. ANOSIM analyses revealed significantly different microbial compositional heterogeneity in SS patients compared to oral candidiasis and healthy patients. Conclusion: Microbial dysbiosis differs significantly in SS patients independent of oral Candida carriage and DMFT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T02:52:56Z","timestamp":1676515976000},"page":"1559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["High-Throughput Sequencing of Oral Microbiota in Candida Carriage Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome Patients: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1950-794X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haixia","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1702514","article-title":"Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome","volume":"378","author":"Mariette","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. 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