{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:17:30Z","timestamp":1792466250628,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011755","name":"TeleBrain\u2014Artificially Intelligent EEG Analysis in the Cloud","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WPN3\/9\/TeleBrain\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WPN3\/9\/TeleBrain\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011755","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011755","name":"TeleBrain\u2014Artificially Intelligent EEG Analysis in the Cloud","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["07\/010\/BK_23\/1023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07\/010\/BK_23\/1023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011755","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011755","name":"TeleBrain\u2014Artificially Intelligent EEG Analysis in the Cloud","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK-290\/RIB1\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK-290\/RIB1\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011755","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Silesian University of Technology statutory financial","award":["WPN3\/9\/TeleBrain\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WPN3\/9\/TeleBrain\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Silesian University of Technology statutory financial","award":["07\/010\/BK_23\/1023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07\/010\/BK_23\/1023"]}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Silesian University of Technology statutory financial","award":["BK-290\/RIB1\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK-290\/RIB1\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we aim to assess and examine cognitive functions in Parkinson\u2019s Disease patients using EEG recordings, with a central focus on characteristics associated with a cognitive decline. Based on neuropsychological evaluation using Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Addenbrooke\u2019s Cognitive Examination-III, 98 participants were divided into three cognitive groups. All the particpants of the study underwent EEG recordings with spectral analysis. The results revealed an increase in the absolute theta power in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia (PD-D) compared to cognitively normal status (PD-CogN, p=0.00997) and a decrease in global relative beta power in PD-D compared to PD-CogN (p=0.0413). An increase in theta relative power in the left temporal region (p=0.0262), left occipital region (p=0.0109), and right occipital region (p=0.0221) were observed in PD-D compared to PD-N. The global alpha\/theta ratio and global power spectral ratio significantly decreased in PD-D compared to PD-N (p = 0.001). In conclusion, the increase in relative theta power and the decrease in relative beta power are characteristic changes in EEG recordings in PD patients with cognitive impairment. Identifying these changes can be a useful biomarker and a complementary tool in the neuropsychological diagnosis of cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s Disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T04:01:52Z","timestamp":1676520112000},"page":"1569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The Increase of Theta Power and Decrease of Alpha\/Theta Ratio as a Manifestation of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3899-1260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Zawi\u015blak-Fornagiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Clinical Center Prof. K. Gibi\u0144ski, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7704-2901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ledwo\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6917-0441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Bugdol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1689-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Romaniszyn-Kania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Ma\u0142ecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5081-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Gorzkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7833-5845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej W.","family":"Mitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30299-5","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990\u20132015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"16","author":"Feigin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00280-3","article-title":"Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment","volume":"7","author":"Aarsland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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