{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T18:42:10Z","timestamp":1772131330117,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. Myopathies are heterogeneous neuromuscular diseases of genetic and\/or inflammatory etiology that affect both cardiac and skeletal muscle. We investigated the prevalence of cardiac inflammation in patients with myopathies, cardiovascular symptoms, and normal echocardiography using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Methods. We prospectively evaluated 51 patients with various genetic (n = 23) and inflammatory (n = 28) myopathies (median age, IQR: 12 (11\u201315) years, 22% girls; 61 (55\u201365) years, 46% women, respectively) and compared their CMR findings to corresponding age- and sex-matched controls (n = 21 and 20, respectively) and to each other. Results. Patients with genetic myopathy had similar biventricular morphology and function to healthy controls but showed higher late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), native T1 mapping, extracellular volume fraction (ECV), and T2 mapping values. Collectively, 22 (95.7%) patients with genetic myopathy had a positive T1-criterion and 3 (13.0%) had a positive T2-criterion according to the updated Lake Louise criteria. Compared with healthy controls, patients with inflammatory myopathy showed preserved left ventricular (LV) function and reduced LV mass, while all CMR-derived tissue characterization indices were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.001 for all). All patients had a positive T1-criterion, and 27 (96.4%) had a positive T2-criterion. A positive T2-criterion or T2-mapping &gt; 50 ms could discriminate between patients with genetic and inflammatory myopathies with a sensitivity of 96.4% and a specificity of 91.3% (AUC = 0.9557). Conclusions. The vast majority of symptomatic patients with inflammatory myopathies and normal echocardiography show evidence of acute myocardial inflammation. In contrast, acute inflammation is rare in patients with genetic myopathies, who show evidence of chronic low-grade inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T05:11:29Z","timestamp":1676524289000},"page":"1575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Demonstrates Myocardial Inflammation of Differing Etiologies and Acuities in Patients with Genetic and Inflammatory Myopathies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8192-6670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Markousis-Mavrogenis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Olympic Diagnostic\/Research Center, 17674 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6831-065X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios","family":"Belegrinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Giannakopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Clinic, Aghia Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antigoni","family":"Papavasiliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iaso Children\u2019s Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Koulouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology \u201cMolecular Physiology and Clinical Applications Unit\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6995-3713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Marketos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology \u201cMolecular Physiology and Clinical Applications Unit\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleftheria","family":"Patsilinakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Olympic Diagnostic\/Research Center, 17674 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fotini","family":"Lazarioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Olympic Diagnostic\/Research Center, 17674 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1001-0926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flora","family":"Bacopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clio P.","family":"Mavragani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology \u201cMolecular Physiology and Clinical Applications Unit\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Attikon Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3098-5264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George P.","family":"Chrousos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1089-7766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie I.","family":"Mavrogeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Olympic Diagnostic\/Research Center, 17674 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"University Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1586263","article-title":"Neuromuscular Diseases","volume":"36","author":"Morrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. 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