{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:44:26Z","timestamp":1791945866836,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Good clinical practice guidelines are based on randomized controlled trials or clinical series; however, technical performance bias among surgical trials is under-assessed. The heterogeneity of technical performance within different treatment groups diminishes the level of evidence. Surgeon variability with different levels of experience\u2014technical performance levels even after certification\u2014influences surgical outcomes, especially in complex procedures. Technical performance quality correlates with the outcomes and costs and should be measured by image or video-photographic documentation of the surgeon\u2019s view field during the procedures. Such consecutive, completely documented, unedited observational data\u2014in the form of intra-operative images and a complete set of eventual radiological images\u2014improve the surgical series\u2019 homogeneity. Thereby, they might reflect reality and contribute towards making necessary changes for evidence-based surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T01:32:56Z","timestamp":1676597576000},"page":"1583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Homogeneity in Surgical Series: Image Reporting to Improve Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5028-5946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Regazzoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse B.","family":"Jupiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand and Arm Center, Department of Orthopedics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"S\u00fcdkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7689-8732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Chih","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand and Arm Center, Department of Orthopedics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA"},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto A.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Dell\u2019Oca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology, The British Hospital, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay"},{"name":"Residency Program in Traumatology and Orthopedics, University of Montevideo, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n1511","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1511","article-title":"Common elective orthopaedic procedures and their clinical effectiveness: Umbrella review of level 1 evidence","volume":"374","author":"Blom","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7023.71","article-title":"Evidence based medicine: What it is and what it isn\u2019t","volume":"312","author":"Sackett","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"England, N. 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