{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:20:32Z","timestamp":1788348032451,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Scientific Fund of the Mayor of the City of Vienna","award":["14016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14016"]}]},{"name":"Medical Scientific Fund of the Mayor of the City of Vienna","award":["16155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16155"]}]},{"name":"Medical Scientific Fund of the Mayor of the City of Vienna","award":["202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003"]}]},{"name":"Anniversary Fund of the Austrian National Bank","award":["14016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14016"]}]},{"name":"Anniversary Fund of the Austrian National Bank","award":["16155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16155"]}]},{"name":"Anniversary Fund of the Austrian National Bank","award":["202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003"]}]},{"name":"Austrian Heart Fund","award":["14016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14016"]}]},{"name":"Austrian Heart Fund","award":["16155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16155"]}]},{"name":"Austrian Heart Fund","award":["202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bleeding events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are a risk factor for adverse outcomes, including mortality. We investigated the association of growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15, an established predictor of bleeding complications, with on-treatment platelet reactivity in ACS patients undergoing coronary stenting receiving prasugrel or ticagrelor. Platelet aggregation was measured by multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA), thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP, a protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) agonist), AYPGKF (a PAR-4 agonist) and collagen (COL). GDF-15 levels were measured using a commercially available assay. GDF-15 correlated inversely with MEA ADP (r = \u22120.202, p = 0.004), MEA AA (r = \u22120.139, p = 0.048) and MEA TRAP (r = \u22120.190, p = 0.007). After adjustment, GDF-15 was significantly associated with MEA TRAP (\u03b2 = \u22120.150, p = 0.044), whereas no significant associations were detectable for the other agonists. Patients with low platelet reactivity in response to ADP had significantly higher GDF-15 levels (p = 0.005). In conclusion, GDF-15 is inversely associated with TRAP-inducible platelet aggregation in ACS patients treated with state-of-the-art antiplatelet therapy and significantly elevated in patients with low platelet reactivity in response to ADP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T02:02:09Z","timestamp":1676858529000},"page":"1627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Is Associated with Platelet Reactivity in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Mutschlechner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-G\u00e4nserndorf, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Tscharre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Nephrology, Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2462-4515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia P.","family":"Wadowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Pultar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum St. P\u00f6lten, 3100 St. P\u00f6lten, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantin","family":"Weikert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Eichelberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Panzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Perkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gremmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-G\u00e4nserndorf, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Interventional Cardiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, 3100 St. P\u00f6lten, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02391-6","article-title":"Acute coronary syndromes","volume":"399","author":"Bergmark","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tersalvi, G., Biasco, L., Cioffi, G.M., and Pedrazzini, G. 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