{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:53:24Z","timestamp":1760147604086,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP17K13190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP17K13190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess renal functions and endocrine responses to arm exercise in persons with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) under euhydrated conditions (free drinking of water), and to determine the physiological effects of exercise on renal function in these subjects. Eleven CSCI individuals (spinal lesions between C6 and C8, American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale A) and nine able-bodied (AB) persons rested for 30 min before performing 30 min arm-crank ergometer exercises at 50% of their maximum oxygen consumption, followed by 60-min of rest\/recovery. Urine and blood samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise and recovery period. The CSCI patients showed no increase in plasma adrenaline and plasma renin activity compared with the AB controls, but showed similar changes in plasma aldosterone and the plasma antidiuretic hormone in response to the exercise. Creatinine clearance, osmolal clearance, free water clearance, and the fractional excretion of Na+ did not change during exercise in both groups of subjects, however free water clearance in the CSCI group was higher than in the AB group throughout the study. These findings suggested that activated plasma aldosterone without an increase in adrenaline or renin activity during exercise in CSCI individuals may reflect an adaptation to the disturbance of the sympathetic nervous system to compensate for renal function. As a result, no adverse effects of exercise on renal function in CSCI patients were observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T02:02:09Z","timestamp":1676858529000},"page":"1670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Renal and Endocrine Responses to Arm Exercise in Persons with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Mukai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0193-3040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectual University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshi-ichiro","family":"Kamijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 343-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazunari","family":"Furusawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kibikogen Rehabilitation Center for Employment Injuries, Kibichuo-cho, Okayama 716-1241, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuru","family":"Ibusuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Sports Medicine and Balneology, Nachikatsuura Balneologic Town Hospital, Tenma-Nachikatuura-cho, Wakayama 649-5331, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5365-1347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukihide","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8005-9154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasunori","family":"Umemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumihiro","family":"Tajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.04.024","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in physical capacity over 20 years in athletes with spinal cord injury","volume":"91","author":"Shiba","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. 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