{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:04:07Z","timestamp":1792789447990,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Departments of Excellence","award":["C96C1800037001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C96C1800037001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to explore, in a sample of patients with a diagnosis of AN, the ability to question their first impression and, in particular, the willingness to integrate their prior ideas and thoughts with additional progressive incoming information. A total of 45 healthy women and 103 patients with a diagnosis of AN, consecutively admitted to the Eating Disorder Padova Hospital\u2013University Unit, underwent a broad clinical and neuropsychological assessment. All participants were administered the Bias Against Disconfirmatory Evidence (BADE) task, which specifically investigates belief integration cognitive bias. Acute AN patients showed a significantly greater bias toward disconfirming their previous judgment, in comparison to healthy women (BADE score, respectively, 2.5 \u00b1 2.0 vs. 3.3 \u00b1 1.6; Mann\u2013Whitney test, p = 0.012). A binge-eating\/purging subtype of AN individuals, compared to restrictive AN patients and controls, showed greater disconfirmatory bias and also a significant propensity to uncritically accept implausible interpretations (BADE score, respectively, 1.55 \u00b1 1.6 and 2.70 \u00b1 1.97 vs. 3.33 \u00b1 1.63; Kruskal\u2013Wallis test, p = 0.002 and liberal acceptance score, respectively, 1.32 \u00b1 0.93 and 0.92 \u00b1 1.21 vs. 0.98 \u00b1 0.75; Kruskal\u2013Wallis test p = 0.03). Abstract thinking skills and cognitive flexibility, as well as high central coherence, are neuropsychological aspects positively correlated with cognitive bias, in both patients and controls. Research into belief integration bias in AN population could enable us to shed light on hidden dimensional aspects, facilitating a better understanding of the psychopathology of a disorder that is so complex and difficult to treat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T03:59:16Z","timestamp":1677038356000},"page":"1746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Belief Inflexibility and Cognitive Biases in Anorexia Nervosa\u2014The Role of the Bias against Disconfirmatory Evidence and Its Clinical and Neuropsychological Correlates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1629-9871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Tenconi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0016-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Meregalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Buffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6730-1778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Collantoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Cavallaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Turro, Scientific Institute Hospital, 20127 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3323-6071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Meneguzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Favaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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