{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T03:07:01Z","timestamp":1784862421447,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF-2020R1A2C2007954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A2C2007954"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["HI16C2210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI16C2210"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["HI21C1795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI21C1795"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"the Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1A2C2007954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A2C2007954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"the Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI16C2210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI16C2210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"the Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI21C1795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI21C1795"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the therapeutic effects of transplanting human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into wild-type mice that were intraperitoneally administered cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) to develop cerebellar ataxia (CA) during the first three postnatal days. hMSCs were intrathecally injected into 10-week-old mice once or thrice at 4-week intervals. Compared to the nontreated mice, the hMSC-treated mice showed improved motor and balance coordination, as measured using the rotarod, open-field, and ataxic scoring assessments, and increased protein levels in Purkinje and cerebellar granule cells, as measured using calbindin and NeuN protein markers. Multiple hMSC injections preserved Ara-C-induced cerebellar neuronal loss and improved cerebellar weight. Furthermore, the hMSC implantation significantly elevated the levels of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors, and suppressed TNF-\u03b1-, IL-1\u03b2-, and iNOS-mediated proinflammatory responses. Collectively, our results demonstrate that hMSCs exhibit therapeutic potential for Ara-C-induced CA by protecting neurons through the stimulation of neurotrophic factors and inhibition of cerebellar inflammatory responses, which can improve motor behavior and alleviate ataxia-related neuropathology. In summary, this study suggests that hMSC administration, particularly multiple treatments, can effectively treat ataxia-related symptoms with cerebellar toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T01:31:06Z","timestamp":1677115866000},"page":"1756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Ameliorates Ara-C-Induced Motor Deficits in a Mouse Model of Cerebellar Ataxia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Narae","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanchal","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Un Ju","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sehwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youngpyo","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Suk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Institute, Corestem Inc., Seoul 13486, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9555-4203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoungho","family":"Suk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8849-920X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho-Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0299-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Ryong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70305-9","article-title":"Sporadic ataxia with adult onset: Classification and diagnostic criteria","volume":"9","author":"Klockgether","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-009-0127-3","article-title":"Animal models of human cerebellar ataxias: A cornerstone for the therapies of the twenty-first century","volume":"8","author":"Manto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12057","article-title":"Treatment Options in Degenerative Cerebellar Ataxia: A Systematic Review","volume":"1","author":"Sarva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov. 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