{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:54:25Z","timestamp":1760147665148,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Historically, donor infection with hepatitis-C virus (HCV) has been a barrier to kidney transplantation. However, in recent years, it has been reported that HCV positive kidney donors transplanted into HCV negative recipients offer acceptable mid-term results. However, acceptance of HCV donors, especially viremic, has not broadened in the clinical practice. This is an observational, multicenter, retrospective study including kidney transplants from HCV positive donors into negative recipients reported to the Spanish group from 2013 to 2021. Recipients from viremic donors received peri-transplant treatment with direct antiviral agents (DAA) for 8\u201312 weeks. We included 75 recipients from 44 HCV non-viremic donors and 41 from 25 HCV viremic donors. Primary non function, delayed graft function, acute rejection rate, renal function at the end of follow up, and patient and graft survival were not different between groups. Viral replication was not detected in recipients from non-viremic donors. Recipient treatment with DAA started pre-transplant avoids (n = 21) or attenuates (n = 5) viral replication but leads to non-different outcomes to post-transplant treatment with DAA (n = 15). HCV seroconversion was more frequent in recipients from viremic donors (73% vs. 16%, p &lt; 0.001). One recipient of a viremic donor died due to hepatocellular carcinoma at 38 months. Donor HCV viremia seems not to be a risk factor for kidney transplant recipients receiving peri-transplant DAA, but continuous surveillance should be advised.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T01:31:06Z","timestamp":1677115866000},"page":"1773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Outcome of Kidney Transplants from Viremic and Non-Viremic Hepatitis C Virus Positive Donors into Negative Recipients: Results of the Spanish Registry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Franco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Hospital General Universitario, 03010 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7267-3963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesc","family":"Moreso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d\u2019Hebron, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eul\u00e0lia","family":"Sol\u00e0-Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Beneyto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari i Polit\u00e8cnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Esforzado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Transplant Unit, Nephrology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1944-8652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Gonzalez-Roncero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asunci\u00f3n","family":"Sancho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6965-3745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Melilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, L\u2019Hospitalet, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2785-8886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Galeano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10999","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00526-10","article-title":"Ultrastructural and biophysical characterization of hepatitis C virus particles produced in cell culture","volume":"84","author":"Gastaminza","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199209243271302","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis C virus RNA in organ donors positive for hepatitis C antibody and in the recipients of their organs","volume":"327","author":"Pereira","year":"1992","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14381","article-title":"The American Society of Transplantation Consensus Conference on the Use of Hepatitis C Viremic Donors in Solid Organ Transplantation","volume":"17","author":"Levitsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.06.034","article-title":"A review of kidney transplantation from HCV-viremic donors into HCV-negative recipients","volume":"100","author":"Daloul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fabrizi, F., Cerutti, R., Alfieri, C.M., and Messa, P. (2021). Updated View on Kidney Transplant from HCV-Infected Donors and DAAs. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13040496"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1702417","article-title":"Glecaprevir-Pibrentasvir for 8 or 12 Weeks in HCV Genotype 1 or 3 Infection","volume":"378","author":"Zeuzem","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020050686","article-title":"Multicenter Study to Transplant Hepatitis C-Infected Kidneys (MYTHIC): An Open-Label Study of Combined Glecaprevir and Pibrentasvir to Treat Recipients of Transplanted Kidneys from Deceased Donors with Hepatitis C Virus Infection","volume":"31","author":"Sise","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13410","article-title":"Renal transplantation from seropositive hepatitis C virus donors to seronegative recipients in Spain: A prospective study","volume":"32","author":"Franco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13433","article-title":"Reclaiming missed opportunities: A strategy of targeted direct-acting antiviral prophylaxis for HCV-seronegative recipients of HCV-seropositive donor kidneys","volume":"32","author":"Durand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2022, August 10). Documento de Consenso Para la Valoraci\u00f3n de Donantes con Serolog\u00eda Positiva Para el Virus de la Hepatitis C. Available online: http:\/\/www.ont.es\/infesp\/DocumentosDeConsenso\/Documento%20Consenso%20Valoraci%C3%B3n%20Donantes%20Virus%20C_ABRIL2019.pdf."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2016.09.058","article-title":"Transplantation of Renal Allografts From Organ Donors Reactive for HCV Antibodies to HCV-Negative Recipients: Safety and Clinical Outcome","volume":"2","author":"Nowak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13146","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13146","article-title":"Successful early sofosbuvir-based antiviral treatment after transplantation of kidneys from HCV-viremic donors into HCV-negative recipients","volume":"21","author":"Kribben","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transpl. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Organitzaci\u00f3 Catalana de Trasplantaments (2022, August 10). Registre de Malalts Renals de Catalunya: Informe Estad\u00edstic 2020. Registro de Enfermos Renales de Catalu\u00f1a: Informe Estad\u00edstico 2020. Available online: https:\/\/scientiasalut.gencat.cat\/handle\/11351\/7499."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741608","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.741608","article-title":"Identification of Key Regulators of Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Integrating Whole-Genome and Transcriptome Sequencing Data","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.02.038","article-title":"HCV-Induced Epigenetic Changes Associated with Liver Cancer Risk Persist After Sustained Virologic Response","volume":"156","author":"Hamdane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28535","article-title":"Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after sustained virological response in Veterans with hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"64","author":"Kanwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30823","article-title":"Long-Term Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in HCV Patients Treated with Direct Acting Antiviral Agents","volume":"71","author":"Kanwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2022.2047069","article-title":"Utilization of HCV viremic donors in kidney transplantation: A chance or a threat?","volume":"44","author":"Czarnecka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renal Failure"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13598","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13598","article-title":"Use of HCV Ab+\/NAT- donors in HCV na\u00efve renal transplant recipients to expand the kidney donor pool","volume":"33","author":"Dao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15031","article-title":"Transplantation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positive, nucleic acid test negative donor kidneys to HCV negative patients frequently results in seroconversion but not HCV viremia","volume":"18","author":"Volk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03460.x","article-title":"Risk of window period hepatitis-C infection in high infectious risk donors: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Kucirka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13283","article-title":"Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus from Organ Donors Despite Nucleic Acid Test Screening","volume":"15","author":"Suryaprasad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3046","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15530","article-title":"Transplantation of kidneys from hepatitis C-infected donors to hepatitis C-negative recipients: Single center experience","volume":"19","author":"Molnar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31011","article-title":"Hepatitis C Virus NAT-Positive Solid Organ Allografts Transplanted into Hepatitis C Virus-Negative Recipients: A Real-World Experience","volume":"72","author":"Kapila","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13449","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13449","article-title":"Commercial insurance delays direct-acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C kidney transplantation into uninfected recipients","volume":"23","author":"Torabi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transpl. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0749","article-title":"Twelve-Month Outcomes After Transplant of Hepatitis C-Infected Kidneys into Uninfected Recipients: A Single-Group Trial","volume":"169","author":"Reese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.10.017","article-title":"Transplantation of Kidneys From Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Donors to Hepatitis C Virus-Negative Recipients: One-Year Kidney Allograft Outcomes","volume":"77","author":"Molnar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15415","article-title":"Early emergence of anti-HCV antibody implicates donor origin in recipients of an HCV-infected organ","volume":"19","author":"Porrett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sol\u00e0-Porta, E., Redondo-Pach\u00f3n, D., Arias-Cabrales, C., Navazo, D., Buxeda, A., Burballa, C., Crespo, M., Garc\u00eda-Retortillo, M., Pascual, J., and P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1ez, M.J. (2021). Early Hypertransaminasemia after Kidney Transplantation: Significance and Evolution According to Donor Type. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215168"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-2451","article-title":"The Drug Overdose Epidemic and Deceased-Donor Transplantation in the United States: A National Registry Study","volume":"168","author":"Durand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000789","article-title":"Is Europe Facing an Emerging Opioid Crisis Comparable to the U.S.?","volume":"43","author":"Pierce","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther. Drug Monit."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-022-01327-8","article-title":"Artificial intelligence applications for pre-implantation kidney biopsy pathology practice: A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Girolami","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/5\/1773\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:39:58Z","timestamp":1760121598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/5\/1773"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12051773"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12051773","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]}}}