{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:33Z","timestamp":1787028633146,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Common Program of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education","award":["KZ201510025029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KZ201510025029"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Common Program of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education","award":["81870888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870888"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Common Program of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education","award":["61761166004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61761166004"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["KZ201510025029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KZ201510025029"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81870888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870888"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61761166004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61761166004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Electrode reconstruction for postoperative deep brain simulation (DBS) can be achieved manually using a surgical planning system such as Surgiplan, or in a semi-automated manner using software such as the Lead-DBS toolbox. However, the accuracy of Lead-DBS has not been thoroughly addressed. Methods: In our study, we compared the DBS reconstruction results of Lead-DBS and Surgiplan. We included 26 patients (21 with Parkinson\u2019s disease and 5 with dystonia) who underwent subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS, and reconstructed the DBS electrodes using the Lead-DBS toolbox and Surgiplan. The electrode contact coordinates were compared between Lead-DBS and Surgiplan with postoperative CT and MRI. The relative positions of the electrode and STN were also compared between the methods. Finally, the optimal contact during follow-up was mapped onto the Lead-DBS reconstruction results to check for overlap between the contacts and the STN. Results: We found significant differences in all axes between Lead-DBS and Surgiplan with postoperative CT, with the mean variance for the X, Y, and Z coordinates being \u22120.13, \u22121.16, and 0.59 mm, respectively. Y and Z coordinates showed significant differences between Lead-DBS and Surgiplan with either postoperative CT or MRI. However, no significant difference in the relative distance of the electrode and the STN was found between the methods. All optimal contacts were located in the STN, with 70% of them located within the dorsolateral region of the STN in the Lead-DBS results. Conclusions: Although significant differences in electrode coordinates existed between Lead-DBS and Surgiplan, our results suggest that the coordinate difference was around 1 mm, and Lead-DBS can capture the relative distance between the electrode and the DBS target, suggesting it is reasonably accurate for postoperative DBS reconstruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T02:57:34Z","timestamp":1677121054000},"page":"1781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Deep Brain Stimulation Electrode Reconstruction: Comparison between Lead-DBS and Surgical Planning System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yichen","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4215-5492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guofan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bojing","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiying","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houyou","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hutao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanguang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaying","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100089, China"},{"name":"Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100089, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zunyu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4934-6649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anchao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00426-z","article-title":"Technology of deep brain stimulation: Current status and future 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