{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:04:08Z","timestamp":1790816648770,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"NIH\/NIA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AG060308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AG060308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"NIH\/NIA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA050676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA050676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"NIH\/NIDA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AG060308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AG060308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"NIH\/NIDA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA050676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA050676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While the Food and Drug Administration\u2019s black-box warnings caution against concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine (OPI\u2013BZD) use, there is little guidance on how to deprescribe these medications. This scoping review analyzes the available opioid and\/or benzodiazepine deprescribing strategies from the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases (01\/1995\u201308\/2020) and the gray literature. We identified 39 original research studies (opioids: n = 5, benzodiazepines: n = 31, concurrent use: n = 3) and 26 guidelines (opioids: n = 16, benzodiazepines: n = 11, concurrent use: n = 0). Among the three studies deprescribing concurrent use (success rates of 21\u2013100%), two evaluated a 3-week rehabilitation program, and one assessed a 24-week primary care intervention for veterans. Initial opioid dose deprescribing rates ranged from (1) 10\u201320%\/weekday followed by 2.5\u201310%\/weekday over three weeks to (2) 10\u201325%\/1\u20134 weeks. Initial benzodiazepine dose deprescribing rates ranged from (1) patient-specific reductions over three weeks to (2) 50% dose reduction for 2\u20134 weeks, followed by 2\u20138 weeks of dose maintenance and then a 25% reduction biweekly. Among the 26 guidelines identified, 22 highlighted the risks of co-prescribing OPI\u2013BZD, and 4 provided conflicting recommendations on the OPI\u2013BZD deprescribing sequence. Thirty-five states\u2019 websites provided resources for opioid deprescription and three states\u2019 websites had benzodiazepine deprescribing recommendations. Further studies are needed to better guide OPI\u2013BZD deprescription.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T04:32:33Z","timestamp":1677126753000},"page":"1788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Deprescribing Strategies for Opioids and Benzodiazepines with Emphasis on Concurrent Use: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4263-3944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanning","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Outcome and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1640-5497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debbie L.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deanna","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Florida\/South Georgia Veterans Health System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Adkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Bantad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5379-1278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clint","family":"Copacia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilay","family":"Dharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7861-3745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-Lin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6816-6619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Budd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senthil","family":"Meenrajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank A.","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Heath and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Pennington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Heath and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siegfried","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Heath and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1457-4668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald","family":"Shorr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Florida\/South Georgia Veterans Health System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance R.","family":"Uphold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Florida\/South Georgia Veterans Health System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6590-4770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Hsuan","family":"Lo-Ciganic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022, July 19). 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