{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:01:13Z","timestamp":1792188073862,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIDA","award":["K08 DA035972-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 DA035972-01"]}]},{"name":"NIDA","award":["OFD\/BTREC\/CTREC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFD\/BTREC\/CTREC"]}]},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["K08 DA035972-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 DA035972-01"]}]},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["OFD\/BTREC\/CTREC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFD\/BTREC\/CTREC"]}]},{"name":"Faculty Career Development Fellowship, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["K08 DA035972-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 DA035972-01"]}]},{"name":"Faculty Career Development Fellowship, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["OFD\/BTREC\/CTREC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFD\/BTREC\/CTREC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent findings implicate brain vulnerability following long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) repair. We explored the relationship between easily quantifiable clinical measures and previously reported brain findings in a pilot cohort of infants following LGEA repair. MRI measures (number of qualitative brain findings; normalized brain and corpus callosum volumes) were previously reported in term-born and early-to-late premature infants (n = 13\/group) &lt;1 year following LGEA repair with the Foker process. The severity of underlying disease was classified by an (1) American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status and (2) Pediatric Risk Assessment (PRAm) scores. Additional clinical end-point measures included: anesthesia exposure (number of events; cumulative minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) exposure in hours), length (in days) of postoperative intubated sedation, paralysis, antibiotic, steroid, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) treatment. Associations between clinical end-point measures and brain MRI data were tested using Spearman rho and multivariable linear regression. Premature infants were more critically ill per ASA scores, which showed a positive association with the number of cranial MRI findings. Clinical end-point measures together significantly predicted the number of cranial MRI findings for both term-born and premature infant groups, but none of the individual clinical measures did on their own. Listed easily quantifiable clinical end-point measures could be used together as indirect markers in assessing the risk of brain abnormalities following LGEA repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T01:37:52Z","timestamp":1677202672000},"page":"1807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Infant Perioperative Risk Factors and Adverse Brain Findings Following Long-Gap Esophageal Atresia Repair"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6547-2373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mackenzie Shea","family":"Kagan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Bader 3, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2600-4339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jue Teresa","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Bader 3, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle Bennett","family":"Pier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Wang 708, Boston, MA 021114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3610-6942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Zurakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Bader 3, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell William","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Esophageal and Airway Treatment Center, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3943-2105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dusica","family":"Bajic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Bader 3, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12051","article-title":"Epidemiology of esophageal atresia","volume":"26","author":"Sfeir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis. 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