{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:03:04Z","timestamp":1792144984324,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Combined methods of applying chemical peels and antioxidants could be an option for skin rejuvenation with no down-time. The penetration of active substances can be enhanced by microneedle mesotherapy. The study was conducted on a group of 20 female volunteers, aged 40\u201365 years. All volunteers received a series of eight treatments performed every seven days. The whole face was first treated with azelaic acid; following this, the right side received a 40% solution of vitamin C and the left side 10% vitamin C with microneedling. Hydration and skin elasticity were markedly improved, with better results observed on the microneedling side. Melanin and erythema index decreased. No significant side effects were seen. The combination of active ingredients and delivery techniques have great potential to enhance the effectiveness of cosmetic preparations, probably by multidirectional ways of action. In our study, we demonstrated that both 20% azelaic acid + 40% vitamin C treatment and 20% azelaic acid + 10% vitamin C + microneedle mesotherapy efficiently improved the assessed parameters of aging skin. However, the use of microneedling mesotherapy as a means of direct delivery of active compound to the dermis enhanced the effectiveness of the studied preparation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T02:04:11Z","timestamp":1677463451000},"page":"1869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Subjective and Objective Assessment of Combined Methods of Applying Chemical Peels and Microneedling in Antiaging Treatments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Agata","family":"Markiewicz-Tomczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Raw Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9949-8723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elzbieta","family":"Budzisz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Raw Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5457-2528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Erkiert-Polguj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetology and Aesthetic Dermatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wadstein, J., Alvarez, I.S., and L\u00f3pez, L.B. (2022). Managing Skin Ageing as a Modifiable Disorder\u2014The Clinical Application of Nourella\u00ae Dual Approach Comprising a Nano-Encapsulated Retinoid, Retilex-A\u00ae and a Skin Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy, Vercilex\u00ae. Cosmetics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics9020031"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689717725755","article-title":"Fighting against Skin Aging: The Way from Bench to Bedside","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2016.08.010","article-title":"Molecular-level insights into aging processes of skin elastin","volume":"128","author":"Huertas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S116158","article-title":"Skin rejuvenation using cosmetic products containing growth factors, cytokines, and matrikines: A review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Aldag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.01.001","article-title":"Oxidation events and skin aging","volume":"21","author":"Kammeyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farage, M.A., Miller, K.W., and Maibach, H.I. (2010). Textbook of Aging Skin, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89656-2"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pullar, J.M., Carr, A.C., and Vissers, M.C.M. (2017). The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080866"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12460849","article-title":"Ascorbic acid specifically increases type I and type III procollagen messenger RNA levels in human skin fibroblasts","volume":"90","author":"Geesin","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-1811(95)00640-0","article-title":"Ascorbic acid preferentially enhances type I and III collagen gene transcription in human skin fibroblasts","volume":"11","author":"Tajima","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.028","article-title":"Gene expression profiling reveals new protective roles for vitamin C in human skin cells","volume":"46","author":"Duarte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.11.110","article-title":"Ascorbic acid enhances the expression of type 1 and type 4 collagen and SVCT2 in cultured human skin fibroblasts","volume":"430","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2014.05.011","article-title":"Sodium L-ascorbate enhances elastic fibers deposition by fibroblasts from normal and pathologic human skin","volume":"75","author":"Hinek","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2006.00454.x","article-title":"Morphogenesis of dermal\u2013epidermal junction in a model of reconstructed skin: Beneficial effects of vitamin C","volume":"15","author":"Marionnet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s004180100312","article-title":"Vitamin C enhances differentiation of a continuous keratinocyte cell line (REK) into epidermis with normal stratum corneum ultrastructure and functional permeability barrier","volume":"116","author":"Suhonen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"13","article-title":"Rationale for the development of new topical treatments for acne vulgaris","volume":"57","author":"Gibson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"140","article-title":"Influence of azelaic and mandelic acid peels on sebum secretion in ageing women","volume":"30","author":"Kubiak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Postepy Dermatol. Alergol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"151","article-title":"Polycomponent mesotherapy formulations for the treatment of skin aging and improvement of skin quality","volume":"8","author":"Prikhnenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2016.12.026","article-title":"The decay of redox-stress response capacity is a substantive characteristic of aging: Revising the redox theory of aging","volume":"11","author":"Meng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pourzand, C., Albieri-Borges, A., and Raczek, N.N. (2022). Shedding a New Light on Skin Aging, Iron- and Redox-Homeostasis and Emerging Natural Antioxidants. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11030471"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000322623","article-title":"Factors associated with premature skin aging (photoaging) before the age of 55: A population-based study","volume":"222","author":"Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2010.03.003","article-title":"Role of antioxidants in the skin: Anti-aging effects","volume":"58","author":"Masaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/JDN.0000000000000309","article-title":"Azelaic acid","volume":"9","author":"Bergman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Nurses\u2019 Assoc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12986","article-title":"Management of hyperpigmentation: Current treatments and emerging therapies","volume":"34","author":"Nautiyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12217","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy of products containing azelaic acid in melasma treatment","volume":"15","author":"Mazurek","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2008.07092","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of 25% L-ascorbic acid (C\u2019ensil) in the treatment of melasma","volume":"13","author":"Hwang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2008.00408.x","article-title":"Protective effects of a topical antioxidant mixture containing vitamin C, ferulic acid, and phloretin against ultraviolet-induced photodamage in human skin","volume":"7","author":"Oresajo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.05.004","article-title":"A topical antioxidant solution containing vitamins C and E stabilized by ferulic acid provides protection for human skin against damage caused by ultraviolet irradiation","volume":"59","author":"Murray","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90830-0","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of magnesium L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate (VC-PMG) on melanogenesis in vitro and in vivo","volume":"34","author":"Kameyama","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12859","article-title":"Effects of lactobionic acid peel, aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion, and both procedures on skin hydration, elasticity, and transepidermal water loss","volume":"18","author":"Mucha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.20883\/jms.2017.242","article-title":"Mesotherapy\u2014A method of facial skin rejuvenation from an interdisciplinary perspective on improving facial aesthetics","volume":"86","author":"Bernacka","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00197.x","article-title":"In vivo study of skin mechanical properties in Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon","volume":"13","author":"Dobrev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Skin Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.25289\/ML.2018.7.2.69","article-title":"Facial Rejuvenating Effects of Mesotherapy Using a New Polycomponent Formulation","volume":"7","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Lasers"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-014-0432-1","article-title":"Mesotherapy with an Intradermal Hyaluronic Acid Formulation for Skin Rejuvenation: An Intrapatient, Placebo-Controlled, Long-Term Trial Using High-Frequency Ultrasound","volume":"39","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Humbert, P.L.L., Saas, P., and Viennet, C. (2018). Vitamin C\u2014An Update on Current Uses and Functions, IntechOpen."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sauermann, K., Jaspers, S., Koop, U., and Wenck, H. (2004). Topically applied vitamin C increases the density of dermal papillae in aged human skin. BMC Dermatol., 4.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-5945-4-13"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0625.2003.00008.x","article-title":"Topical ascorbic acid on photoaged skin. Clinical, topographical and ultrastructural evaluation: Double-blind study vs. placebo","volume":"12","author":"Humbert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1159\/000078824","article-title":"Topical activity of ascorbic acid: From in vitro optimization to in vivo efficacy","volume":"17","author":"Raschke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"231","article-title":"Double-blind, half-face study comparing topical vitamin C and vehicle for rejuvenation of photodamage","volume":"28","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69530-w","article-title":"A comparison of the effectiveness of azelaic and pyruvic acid peels in the treatment of female adult acne: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Chilicka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/5\/1869\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:43:28Z","timestamp":1760121808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/5\/1869"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12051869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12051869","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]}}}