{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:18:57Z","timestamp":1791555537570,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82000899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PYZ21051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PYZ21051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YYZZ202025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYZZ202025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Grant of Capital Medical University","award":["82000899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000899"]}]},{"name":"Research Grant of Capital Medical University","award":["PYZ21051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PYZ21051"]}]},{"name":"Research Grant of Capital Medical University","award":["YYZZ202025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYZZ202025"]}]},{"name":"Seed Grant Scheme of Beijing Friendship Hospital","award":["82000899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000899"]}]},{"name":"Seed Grant Scheme of Beijing Friendship Hospital","award":["PYZ21051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PYZ21051"]}]},{"name":"Seed Grant Scheme of Beijing Friendship Hospital","award":["YYZZ202025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYZZ202025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To quantify the structural changes in choroidal vessels and to observe choroid microstructural changes in different age and sex groups in a healthy Chinese population. Methods: Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) was employed to analyze the luminal area, stromal area, total choroidal area, subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), large choroidal vessel layer (LCVL), choriocapillaris\u2013medium choroidal vessel layer, and LCVL\/SFCT of the choroid in the subfoveal macular area within 1500 \u03bcm of the macula. We analyzed the age- and sex-related changes in the subfoveal choroidal structure. Results: A total of 1566 eyes from 1566 healthy individuals were included. The mean age of the participants was 43.62 \u00b1 23.29 years, the mean SFCT of healthy individuals was 269.30 \u00b1 66.43 \u03bcm, LCVL\/SFCT percentage was 77.21 \u00b1 5.84%, and the mean macular CVI was 68.39 \u00b1 3.15%. CVI was maximum in the 0\u201310 years group, decreasing with age, and the lowest values occurred in the &gt;80 years group; LCVL\/SFCT was the lowest in the 0\u201310 years group, increasing with age and reaching a maximum in the &gt;80 years group. CVI showed a significant negative correlation with age, and LCVL\/SFCT showed a significant positive correlation with age. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females. Interrater and intrarater reliability was less variable with CVI than with SFCT. Conclusions: The choroidal vascular area and CVI decreased with age in the healthy Chinese population, of which the age-related decrease in vascular components maybe dominated by the decrease in choriocapillaris and medium choroidal vessels. Sex had no effect on CVI. The CVI of healthy populations showed better consistency and reproducibility when compared with SFCT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T03:59:57Z","timestamp":1677556797000},"page":"1911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Quantitative Assessment of Choroidal Thickness and Choroidal Vascular Features in Healthy Eyes Based on Image Binarization of EDI-OCT: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Analysis in Chinese Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4552-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luping","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuohua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2606-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Usha","family":"Chakravarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Public Health, Queen\u2019s University of Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6265-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tunde","family":"Peto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Public Health, Queen\u2019s University of Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0208-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Casalino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.09.012","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"118","author":"Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31820f4b39","article-title":"Subfoveal choroidal thickness in fellow eyes of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy","volume":"31","author":"Maruko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3124746","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3124746","article-title":"Choroidal Vascularity Index Assessment: A Potential Noninvasive Technique for Diagnosing Diabetic Nephropathy","volume":"2022","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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