{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:31:15Z","timestamp":1791973875925,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: A habitual cough, persisting after the cause is gone, was described in a 1694 medical book. Successful treatment of this disorder known as habit cough was reported in 1966 by the \u201cart of suggestion\u201d. The purpose of this article is to provide the current basis for diagnosis and treatment of the Habit Cough Syndrome. Method: The epidemiology and clinical course of habit cough were reviewed; original data were obtained from three sources. Results: Unique clinical presentation was the basis for diagnosis of habit cough. Diagnosis was made 140 times with increasing frequency over 20 years at the University of Iowa clinic and 55 times over 6 years at a London clinic. Suggestion therapy provided more frequent cessation of cough than just reassurance. A Mayo Clinic archive of chronic involuntary cough found 16 of 60 still coughing 5.9 years after initial evaluation. Ninety-one parents of children with habit cough and 20 adults reported cessation of coughing from viewing a publicly available video of successful suggestion therapy. Conclusions: Habit cough is recognizable from the clinical presentation. It is effectively treated in most children by suggestion therapy in clinics, by remote video conferencing, and by proxy from viewing a video of effective suggestion therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T01:39:21Z","timestamp":1677721161000},"page":"1970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Review, Update, and Commentary for the Cough without a Cause: Facts and Factoids of the Habit Cough"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2341-2094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miles","family":"Weinberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rady Children\u2019s Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA"},{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Buettner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Habit Cough Association, Severna Park, MD 21146, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran D.","family":"Anbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center Point Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Functional respiratory disorders in children. In Pulmonary Manifestations of Pediatric Diseases, Pediatr Clinics of North America","volume":"68","author":"Hurvitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Willis, T. (1685). The London Practice of Physick, in the Pharmaceutic Rationalis."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Mercurius, F. (1694). Habitual Cough, in The Spirit of Diseases, Printed for Sarah Hawkins in George-Yard, in Lombard-Street."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Creighton, C. (1886). Illustrations of Unconscious Memory in Disease, HK Lewis."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"43","article-title":"Habit cough in adolescent children","volume":"24","author":"Berman","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"579","article-title":"Outcome of habit cough in children treated with a brief session of suggestion therapy","volume":"67","author":"Lokshin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1177\/000992286900801009","article-title":"Psychogenic cough tic in children and adolescents. Nine case histories illustrate the need for re-evaluation of this common but frequently unrecognized problem","volume":"8","author":"Kravitz","year":"1969","journal-title":"Clin. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"198","article-title":"\u2018Honking\u2019: Psychogenic cough tic in children","volume":"57","author":"Weinberg","year":"1980","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.74.1.11","article-title":"The cough and the bedsheet","volume":"74","author":"Cohlan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2003.10.041","article-title":"Childhood habit cough treated with self-hypnosis","volume":"144","author":"Anbar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.09.002","article-title":"The cough without a cause: Habit cough syndrome","volume":"137","author":"Weinberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23948","article-title":"Habit-tic cough: Presentation and outcome with simple reassurance","volume":"53","author":"Wright","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.12442","article-title":"Increased incidence of stress-related tic habit cough in children during the recent Greek financial crisis","volume":"35","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2021","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2725","article-title":"A multicenter study on chronic cough in children: Buren and etiologies based on a standardized management pathway","volume":"1442","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"CHEST"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2021.100618","article-title":"WAO-ARIA consensus on chronic cough\u2014Part II: Phenotypes and mechanisms of abnormal cough presentation\u2014Updates in COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Rouadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01155-9","article-title":"Chronic respiratory diseases other than asthma in children: The COVID-19 tsunami","volume":"47","author":"Tozzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16297","article-title":"The respiratory consequences of COVID-19 lasted for a median of 4 months in a cohort of children aged 2\u201318 years of age","volume":"111","author":"Pohunek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00218613","article-title":"Expert opinion on the cough hypersensitivity syndrome in respiratory medicine","volume":"44","author":"Morice","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.2.362","article-title":"Interpreting the histopathology of chronic cough: A prospective, controlled, comparative study","volume":"130","author":"Irwin","year":"2006","journal-title":"CHEST"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201912-2347OC","article-title":"Airway sensory nerve density is increased in chronic cough","volume":"203","author":"Shapiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"CD013067","article-title":"Speech and language therapy for management of chronic cough","volume":"7","author":"Slinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.05.004","article-title":"Cures of the cough without a cause","volume":"127","author":"Weinberger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23979","article-title":"Commentary: The habit cough: Diagnosis and treatment","volume":"53","author":"Weinberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-011-9317-0","article-title":"The habit cough syndrome and its variations","volume":"190","author":"Weinberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"106","article-title":"Childhood involuntary cough syndrome: A long-term follow-up study","volume":"66","author":"Rojas","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Anbar, R.D. (2021). Changing Children\u2019s Lives with Hypnosis: A Journey to the Center, Rowman & Littlefield. Chapter 12."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.01.042","article-title":"Managing chronic cough as a symptom in children and management algorithms\u2014CHEST guideline and expert panel report","volume":"158","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2190\/9CTG-8FR7-FBQJ-181V","article-title":"Psychogenic cough: A profile of 32 cases","volume":"32","author":"Bhatia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.03.050","article-title":"Management of cough","volume":"7","author":"Gibson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1414215","article-title":"Chronic cough","volume":"375","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-012-9420-x","article-title":"Thoughts on one thousand chronic cough patients","volume":"190","author":"Dicpinigaitis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17534666221092993","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666221092993","article-title":"Clinical characteristics in adult patients with somatic cough syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"483","article-title":"Psychogenic habit cough: Review and case reports","volume":"48","author":"Gay","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"27","article-title":"Psychogenic cough in adults: A report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Mastrovich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550060111024","article-title":"Gillles de la Tourette and the discovery of Tourette syndrome. Includes a translation of his 1884 article","volume":"53","author":"Lajonchere","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.06.029","article-title":"Point-counterpoint and rebuttals: Is the term habit cough an inaccurate use of the term?","volume":"156","author":"Weinberger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(02)00122-2","article-title":"Tourette syndrome manifest as chronic cough","volume":"65","author":"Duncan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2004.45.1.145","article-title":"Tourette\u2019s syndrome manifests as chronic persistent cough","volume":"45","author":"Tan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901136","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01136-2019","article-title":"ERS guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in adults and children","volume":"55","author":"Morice","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/5\/1970\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:45:43Z","timestamp":1760121943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/5\/1970"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12051970"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12051970","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]}}}