{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T04:29:55Z","timestamp":1770697795721,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report a case of severe anemia caused by complex hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and X-linked sideroblastic anemia (XLSA) with two mutations in the spectrin beta (SPTB) and 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS2) genes. The proband was a 16-year-old male with severe jaundice and microcytic hypochromic anemia since his childhood. He had more severe anemia requiring erythrocyte transfusion, and had no response to vitamin B6 treatment. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed double heterozygous mutations, one in exon 19 (c.3936G &gt; A:p.W1312X) of the SPTB gene and another in exon 2 (c.37A &gt; G:p.K13E) of the ALAS2 gene, and confirmed again by Sanger sequencing. The mutation of ALAS2 (c.37A &gt; G) is inherited from his asymptomatic heterozygous mother, causing amino acid p.K13E, and the mutation has not yet been reported. The mutation of SPTB (c.3936G &gt; A) is a nonsense mutation, leading to a premature termination codon in exon 19, and the mutation in the SPTB gene is not found in any of his relatives, which indicates a de novo monoallelic mutation. Conclusions: The double heterozygous mutations in the SPTB and ALAS2 genes lead to the joint occurrence of HS and XLSA in this patient, and are implicated in the more severe clinical phenotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T01:43:00Z","timestamp":1677807780000},"page":"1990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Severe Microcytic Anemia Caused by Complex Hereditary Spherocytosis and X-Linked Sideroblastic Anemia with Mutations in SPTB and ALAS2 Genes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jianying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1816-5551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2013.04.003","article-title":"Hereditary spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, and other red cell membrane disorders","volume":"27","author":"Costa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-08-815951","article-title":"The molecular genetics of sideroblastic anemia","volume":"133","author":"Ducamp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4363","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.13.4363","article-title":"Familial-skewed X-chromosome inactivation as a predisposing factor for late-onset X-linked sideroblastic anemia in carrier females","volume":"96","author":"Cazzola","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"56","article-title":"The molecular biology and pyridoxine responsiveness of X-linked sideroblastic anaemia","volume":"83","author":"May","year":"1998","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198205133061909","article-title":"Spectrin and spherocytosis","volume":"306","author":"Shohet","year":"1982","journal-title":"N. 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