{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T11:55:11Z","timestamp":1772366111283,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to analyze the cycle characteristics, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes in early rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (r-ICSI) cycles in normal and hyper-ovarian response women in their first IVF\/ICSI attempts. Data from short-term in vitro fertilization (IVF, N = 7148), early r-ICSI (N = 618), and ICSI (N = 1744) cycles were retrospectively analyzed from normal and hyper-ovarian women who underwent their first IVF\/ICSI cycles at our center from October 2015 to October 2021. The r-ICSI group was subdivided into partial r-ICSI (N = 451) and total r-ICSI (N = 167) based on the number of fertilized oocytes in the IVF part. Cyclic characteristics, pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcomes in the fresh cycle were compared among the four groups; pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcomes in frozen-thawed cycles were compared regarding cleavage and blastocyst transfers derived from r-ICSI cycles. Partial r-ICSI cycles showed different cyclic characteristics compared to total r-ICSI cycles, presenting as elevated AMH and estradiol levels on trigger day and an increased number of oocytes retrieved. Early r-ICSI delayed blastocyst development as seen by the increase in the number of day 6 blastocysts. There was no significant difference among the groups in clinical pregnancy, pregnancy loss, and live birth in fresh cleavage-stage embryo transfer cycles. However, early r-ICSI groups showed a reduction in clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in fresh blastocyst transfer cycles but not in the frozen-thawed cycles. For pregnant women, early r-ICSI did not show a negative effect on the risk of preterm birth, Cesarean section, neonatal birth weight, and sex ratio. In conclusion, early r-ICSI had comparable pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes when compared with short-term IVF and ICSI groups in fresh cleavage-stage embryo transfer cycles, but early r-ICSI did result in reduced pregnancy outcomes in fresh blastocyst embryo cycles, possibly due to delayed blastocyst development and asynchronization with the endometrium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T01:43:00Z","timestamp":1677807780000},"page":"1993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cycle Characteristics and Pregnancy Outcomes of Early Rescue Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles in Normal and Hyper-Ovarian Response Women: A Six-Year Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China"},{"name":"Urology and Andrology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanjing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0276-7187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianrong","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingzhen","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2013.10.006","article-title":"Understanding fertilization through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)","volume":"55","author":"Neri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00293-5","article-title":"Calcium Oscillatory Patterns and Oocyte Activation During Fertilization: A Possible Mechanism for Total Fertilization Failure (TFF) in Human In Vitro Fertilization?","volume":"28","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. 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Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/5\/1993\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:46:35Z","timestamp":1760121995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/5\/1993"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12051993"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12051993","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]}}}