{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T19:50:58Z","timestamp":1775073058404,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship","award":["#1153176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1153176"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Newborn Medicine","award":["#1153176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1153176"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Circus activities are emerging as an engaging and unique health intervention. This scoping review summarises the evidence on this topic for children and young people aged up to 24 years to map (a) participant characteristics, (b) intervention characteristics, (c) health and wellbeing outcomes, and (d) to identify evidence gaps. Using scoping review methodology, a systematic search of five databases and Google Scholar was conducted up to August 2022 for peer-reviewed and grey literature. Fifty-seven of 897 sources of evidence were included (42 unique interventions). Most interventions were undertaken with school-aged participants; however, four studies included participants with age ranges over 15 years. Interventions targeted both general populations and those with defined biopsychosocial challenges (e.g., cerebral palsy, mental illness, or homelessness). Most interventions utilised three or more circus disciplines and were undertaken in naturalistic leisure settings. Dosage could be calculated for 15 of the 42 interventions (range one-96 h). Improvements in physical and\/or social-emotional outcomes were reported for all studies. There is emerging evidence of positive health outcomes resulting from circus activities used in general populations and those with defined biopsychosocial challenges. Future research should focus on detailed reporting of intervention elements and increasing the evidence base in preschool-aged children and within populations with the greatest need.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12052046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T02:06:43Z","timestamp":1678068403000},"page":"2046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Circus Activities as a Health Intervention for Children, Youth, and Adolescents: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0230-3593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Free","family":"Coulston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate L.","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kath","family":"Sellick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madeline","family":"Cavallaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Department, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne 3065, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Spittle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Newborn Services, The Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Toovey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation [WHO] (2020, July 18). 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