{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:25:10Z","timestamp":1793496310015,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Statutory Accident Insurance (Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung, DGUV","award":["FF-FR 0251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF-FR 0251"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: The postoperative use of a rehabilitative knee brace after isolated primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) using a hamstring tendon (HT) autograft is controversial. A knee brace may provide subjective safety but can cause damage if applied incorrectly. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a knee brace on clinical outcomes following isolated ACLR using HT autograft. Methods: In this prospective randomised trial, 114 adults (32.4 \u00b1 11.5 years, 35.1% women) underwent isolated ACLR using HT autograft after primary ACL rupture. Patients were randomly assigned to wear either a knee brace (n = 58) or no brace (n = 56) for 6 weeks postoperatively. An initial examination was performed preoperatively, and at 6 weeks and 4, 6, and 12 months. The primary endpoint was the subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score to measure participants\u2019 subjective perceptions. Secondary endpoints included objective knee function assessed by IKDC, instrumented knee laxity measurements, isokinetic strength tests of the knee extensors and flexors, Lysholm Knee Score, Tegner Activity Score, Anterior Cruciate Ligament\u2014Return to Sport after Injury Score, and quality of life determined by Short Form-36 (SF36). Results: There were no statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences in IKDC scores between the two study groups (3.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) \u22121.39 to 7.97, p = 0.03 for evidence of non-inferiority of brace-free compared with brace-based rehabilitation). The difference in Lysholm score was 3.20 (95% CI \u22122.47 to 8.87); the difference in SF36 physical component score 0.09 (95% CI \u22121.93 to 3.03). In addition, isokinetic testing did not reveal any clinically relevant differences between the groups (n.s.). Conclusions: Brace-free rehabilitation is non-inferior to a brace-based protocol regarding physical recovery 1 year after isolated ACLR using HT autograft. Consequently, the use of a knee brace might be avoided after such a procedure. Level of Evidence: Level I, therapeutic study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12052074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T01:43:35Z","timestamp":1678153415000},"page":"2074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Brace-Free Rehabilitation after Isolated Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Hamstring Tendon Autograft Is Not Inferior to Brace-Based Rehabilitation\u2014A Randomised Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1902-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Schoepp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arthroscopic Surgery, Sports Traumatology and Sports Medicine, BG Klinikum Duisburg gGmbH, Gro\u00dfenbaumer Allee 250, 47249 Duisburg, Germany"},{"name":"Athletikum Rhein Ruhr, BG Klinikum Duisburg gGmbH, Gro\u00dfenbaumer Allee 250, 47249 Duisburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1762-2765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Ohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, BG Klinikum Duisburg gGmbH, Gro\u00dfenbaumer Allee 250, 47249 Duisburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinikum Duisburg gGmbH, Gro\u00dfenbaumer Allee 250, 47249 Duisburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3347-323X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur","family":"Praetorius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletikum Rhein Ruhr, BG Klinikum Duisburg gGmbH, Gro\u00dfenbaumer Allee 250, 47249 Duisburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4242-6646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Seelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, BG Klinikum Duisburg gGmbH, Gro\u00dfenbaumer Allee 250, 47249 Duisburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Dudda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinikum Duisburg gGmbH, Gro\u00dfenbaumer Allee 250, 47249 Duisburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Stengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BG Kliniken\u2014Klinikverbund der Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung gGmbH, Leipziger Pl. 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7641-052X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"Hax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Knee and Hip Surgery, Schulthess Clinic, Lengghalde 2, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blom, A.W., Donovan, R.L., Beswick, A.D., Whitehouse, M.R., and Kunutsor, S.K. 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