{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T14:03:10Z","timestamp":1776866590284,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is often the only curative treatment option for patients suffering from various types of malignant diseases and some non-cancerous conditions. Nevertheless, it is associated with a high risk of complications leading to transplant-related mortality and long-term morbidity. An increasing number of therapeutic and prevention strategies have been developed over the last few years to tackle the complications arising in patients receiving an HSCT. These strategies have been mainly carried out in adults and some are now being translated into children. In this manuscript, we review the recent advancements in the development and implementation of treatment options for post-HSCT non-infectious complications in pediatric patients with leukemia and other non-malignant conditions, with a special attention on the new agents available within clinical trials. We focused on the following conditions: graft failure, prevention of relapse and early interventions after detection of minimal residual disease positivity following HSCT in acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia, chronic graft versus host disease, non-infectious pulmonary complications, and complications of endothelial origin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T01:31:41Z","timestamp":1678411901000},"page":"2149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Development of New Agents for Post-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Non-Infectious Complications in Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5858-5846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uri","family":"Ilan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Brivio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6673-2664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Algeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5879-0610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Balduzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Pediatrica Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4845-5616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Gonzalez-Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Hospital Infantil Universitario Nino Jesus, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7976-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franco","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian Michel","family":"Zwaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Baruchel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology, AP-HP, Robert Debr\u00e9 Hospital, 75019 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Lindemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carreras, E., Dufour, C., Mohty, M., and Kroger, N. 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