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Development","award":["2020CXJQ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020CXJQ01"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Reproduction and Development","award":["SHDC12018X17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC12018X17"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Reproduction and Development","award":["SHDC2020CR1008A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2020CR1008A"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Reproduction and Development","award":["SHDC12019107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC12019107"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Reproduction and Development","award":["YG2019GD04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2019GD04"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Reproduction and Development","award":["22MC1940200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22MC1940200"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Reproduction and Development","award":["2022ZZ01012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZZ01012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: As a routine procedure in assisted reproductive technology (ART), it is crucial to assess the safety of frozen and thawed embryo transfer (FET). We aimed to investigate the metabolic profile of children conceived through FET in their early childhood. Method: A total of 147 children between the age of 1.5 and 4 years old, conceived through FET or naturally conceived (NC), were recruited. A total of 89 children, 65 in the FET group and 24 in the NC group (matched with the FET group based on children\u2019s BMI) were included in the final statistical analysis of biochemical markers and metabolomics. Results: Children conceived through FET had a lower level of fasting insulin level and HORM-IR and a higher level of fasting glucose and APOE as compared to children naturally conceived. Metabolomics showed that there were 16 small differential metabolites, mainly including amino acids, carnitines, organic acids, butyric, and secondary bile acid between two groups, which enriched in Nitrogen metabolism, Butanoate metabolism, Phenylalanine metabolism, and D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism pathways. Conclusion: Although the FET group had a significantly higher level of APOE and fasting glucose, it cannot yet be considered that children in the FET group had an obvious disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the potentially more active intestinal flora and lower carnitine levels of children in the FET group suggested by metabolomics are worth further exploration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T02:29:59Z","timestamp":1679020199000},"page":"2322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer on the Metabolism of Children in Early Childhood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ze-Han","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"Institute of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Zhen","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2293-1792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan-Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He-Feng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"Institute of Reproduction and Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China"},{"name":"Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/03009734.2020.1726534","article-title":"Perinatal outcome in children born after assisted reproductive technologies","volume":"125","author":"Wennerholm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ups. 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